Soy Infant Formula Is Not Estrogenic or Results in Reproductive Toxicity in Male Piglets
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA713299 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR13924630.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13924631.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13924632.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13924633.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13924634.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The current study directly compared the effects of soy formula feeding with those of estradiol or pure genistein in the neonatal piglet, an animal model which most closely resembles the human infant physiologically and in isoflavone metabolism
2021-03-31 | GSE168627 | GEO
Project description:The majority of babies in the US are formula-fed instead of breast fed. There are major differences in the composition of formulas and breast milk and yet little is known about metabolic differences in babies as the result of feeding these very different diets and how that might affect development or disease risk in later life. One concern is that soy-based formulas might have adverse health effects in babies as a result of the presence of low levels of estrogenic phytochemicals – genistein and daidzein which are normally present in soy beans. In the current study, we used a piglet model to look at this question. Piglets were either fed breast milk from the sow or were fed two different infant formulas (cow’s milk-based or soy-based) from age 2 days to 21 days when pigs are normally weaned onto solid food. Blood glucose and lipids were measured. Formula-fed pigs were found to have lower cholesterol than breast fed piglets and in addition had larger stores of iron in their liver.Microarray analysis was carried out to see if changes in liver gene expression could explain these effects of formula feeding. It was found that overall gene expression profiles were influenced by formula feeding compared to breast fed neonates. Gender-independent and unique effects of formula influenced cholesterol and iron metabolism. Further, soy formula feeding in comparison to milk-based formula failed to reveal any estrogenic actions on hepatic gene expression in either male or female pigs.
2012-01-05 | GSE28349 | GEO
Project description:The majority of babies in the US are formula-fed instead of breast fed. There are major differences in the composition of formulas and breast milk and yet little is known about metabolic differences in babies as the result of feeding these very different diets and how that might affect development or disease risk in later life. One concern is that soy-based formulas might have adverse health effects in babies as a result of the presence of low levels of estrogenic phytochemicals genistein and daidzein which are normally present in soy beans. In the current study, we used a piglet model to look at this question. Piglets were either fed breast milk from the sow or were fed two different infant formulas (cow's milk-based or soy-based) from age 2 days to 21 days when pigs are normally weaned onto solid food. Blood glucose and lipids were measured. Formula-fed pigs were found to have lower cholesterol than breast fed piglets and in addition had larger stores of iron in their liver.Microarray analysis was carried out to see if changes in liver gene expression could explain these effects of formula feeding. It was found that overall gene expression profiles were influenced by formula feeding compared to breast fed neonates. Gender-independent and unique effects of formula influenced cholesterol and iron metabolism. Further, soy formula feeding in comparison to milk-based formula failed to reveal any estrogenic actions on hepatic gene expression in either male or female pigs. Piglets (female, male) were either fed breast milk from the sow or were fed two different infant formulas (cow's milk-based or soy-based) from age 2 days to 21 days when pigs are normally weaned onto solid food.
2012-01-05 | E-GEOD-28349 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To understand the complex mechanism of estrogen action, multiple assays based on different biological principles is important. Here, multiple assays based on cell, protein and transcription assays were used to evaluate estrogenic activity of soymilk extracts before and after fermentation, and four soy compounds, genistein and daidzein, and their glycosides, genistin and daidzin, respectively. The data obtained by a transcription assay, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), was further examined by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database analysis to understand cell functions, i.e. biological processes and metabolic pathways. Among the cell functions identified, the sets of genes for cell division/cell cycle and DNA replication/DNA repair are significantly up-regulated, whereas those for autophagy are significantly down-regulated, which explains well the enhanced activity of cell proliferation by these materials. The applications of estrogenic activity of soymilk extracts and soy flavonoids, and the contribution of fermentation, include pharmacological benefits, such as bone protection/bone regeneration, cancer chemoprevention, neuroprotection and the treatment of menopausal syndromes.
2023-10-31 | GSE226627 | GEO
Project description:Soy infant formula which is fed to over half a million infants per year contains isoflavones such as genistein, which have been shown to be estrogenic at high concentrations. The developing testis is sensitive to estrogens, raising concern that the use of soy formulas may result in male reproductive toxicity. In the current study, male White-Dutch Landrace piglets received either sow milk (Sow), or were provided milk formula (Milk), soy formula (Soy), milk formula supplemented with 17-beta-estradiol (2 mg/kg/d) (M + E2) or supplemented with genistein (84 mg/L of diet; (M + G) from postnatal day 2 until day 21. E2 treatment reduced testis weight (p < 0.05) as percentage of body weight, significantly suppressed serum androgen concentrations, increased tubule area, Germ cell and Sertoli cell numbers (p < 0.05) relative to those of Sow or Milk groups. Soy formula had no such effects relative to Sow or Milk groups. mRNAseq revealed 103 differentially expressed genes in the M + E2 group compared to the Milk group related to endocrine/metabolic disorders. However, little overlap was observed between the other treatment groups. These data suggest soy formula is not estrogenic in the male neonatal piglet and that soy formula does not significantly alter male reproductive development.
| S-EPMC8912539 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Estrogenic activity of fermented soymilk extracts and soy compounds
| PRJNA940837 | ENA
Project description:There are concerns regarding possible reproductive toxicity from consumption of soy including an increased risk of endometriosis and endometrial cancer. We used global uterine gene expression profiles in adult ovariectomized (OVX) female rats assessed by RNAseq to examine the estrogenicity of soy protein isolate (SPI) and the potential for feeding SPI to alter estrogen signaling in the uterus. Rats were fed AIN93G diets made with casein (CAS) or SPI from postnatal day (PND) 30. Rats were OVX on PND 50 and infused with 17 beta-estradiol (E2) or vehicle. E2 increased uterine wet weight (P<0.05) and significantly altered expression of 2084 uterine genes. In contrast, SPI feeding had no effect on uterine weight and only altered expression of 177 genes. Overlap between E2 and SPI genes was limited to 69 genes (3%). GO analysis indicated significant differences in uterine biological processes affected by E2 and SPI and little evidence for recruitment of ER alpha to the promoters of ER-responsive genes after SPI feeding. The major E2 up-regulated uterine pathways were cancer pathways and extracellular organization. SPI feeding up-regulated uterine PPAR signaling and fatty acid metabolism. The combination of E2 and SPI feeding resulted in significant regulation of 715 fewer genes relative to E2 alone. In a separate experiment, the combination of E2 and SPI reversed the ability of E2 to induce uterine proliferation in response to the carcinogen dimethybenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). These data suggest SPI does not act as a weak estrogen in the uterus but appears to be a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) interacting with a small sub-set of E2-regulated genes and to be anti-estrogenic in the presence of endogenous estrogens. Rat uterus mRNA of ovariectomized adult female rats subject to four different diets (Caseine, Caseine + E2, Soy and Soy+E2 ) were sequenced, in triplicate, in an Illumina GAIIx sequencer.
2015-06-13 | E-GEOD-69819 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Powder Infant formula Genome sequencing and assembly
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Project description:There are concerns regarding possible reproductive toxicity from consumption of soy including an increased risk of endometriosis and endometrial cancer. We used global uterine gene expression profiles in adult ovariectomized (OVX) female rats assessed by RNAseq to examine the estrogenicity of soy protein isolate (SPI) and the potential for feeding SPI to alter estrogen signaling in the uterus. Rats were fed AIN93G diets made with casein (CAS) or SPI from postnatal day (PND) 30. Rats were OVX on PND 50 and infused with 17 beta-estradiol (E2) or vehicle. E2 increased uterine wet weight (P<0.05) and significantly altered expression of 2084 uterine genes. In contrast, SPI feeding had no effect on uterine weight and only altered expression of 177 genes. Overlap between E2 and SPI genes was limited to 69 genes (3%). GO analysis indicated significant differences in uterine biological processes affected by E2 and SPI and little evidence for recruitment of ER alpha to the promoters of ER-responsive genes after SPI feeding. The major E2 up-regulated uterine pathways were cancer pathways and extracellular organization. SPI feeding up-regulated uterine PPAR signaling and fatty acid metabolism. The combination of E2 and SPI feeding resulted in significant regulation of 715 fewer genes relative to E2 alone. In a separate experiment, the combination of E2 and SPI reversed the ability of E2 to induce uterine proliferation in response to the carcinogen dimethybenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). These data suggest SPI does not act as a weak estrogen in the uterus but appears to be a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) interacting with a small sub-set of E2-regulated genes and to be anti-estrogenic in the presence of endogenous estrogens.
2015-06-13 | GSE69819 | GEO
Project description:The linkage between nutrition and cancer prevention is an intriguing concept that is gaining widespread support based on epidemiological and animal studies. Multiple mechanisms likely underlie dietary protection against cancer, with effects influenced by target tissue response, cell-cell interactions and developmental context. Given the negative correlation between breast cancer incidence and intake of soy foods by Asian women, and the increasing consumption of soy protein-based formula by infants in the Western world, we have studied soy protein isolate (SPI) used in most infant formula as a paradigm to evaluate diet as a risk factor in a rodent model of mammary cancer. We previously demonstrated that lifetime exposure to dietary SPI reduced the incidence of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary tumors in young adult rats relative to those fed the control diet Casein (CAS). This protection was associated with increased tumor suppressor PTEN and decreased Wnt signaling component expression in mammary epithelial cells at postnatal day (PND) 50 prior to carcinogen insult. To identify early events contributing to mammary tumor suppression by diet, we used Affymetrix RAE230A GeneChips containing 14280 probe sets and the GeneSpring Robust Multi-array program to analyze genomic profiles of mammary glands of prepubertal (PND21) rats lifetime exposed to SPI or CAS.
2009-07-23 | GSE12217 | GEO