Project description:VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE (VIL) proteins are PHD-finger proteins that recruit the repressor complex Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) to the promoters of flowering repressors to promote flowering. Here, we show that the tomato VIL gene CRAWLING ELEPHANT (CREL) promotes differentiation throughout plant development and affects the trimethylation of Histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3) at a subset of PRC2 targets across the genome. We identified the crel mutant in a screen for suppressors of the simple-leaf phenotype of entire (e), a mutant in the AUX/IAA gene ENTIRE/SlIAA9, which is involved in compound-leaf development in tomato. crel mutants have increased leaf complexity, and suppress the ectopic blade growth of e mutants. In addition, crel mutants are late flowering, and have delayed and aberrant stem, root and flower development. Consistent with a role for CREL in recruiting PRC2, the H3K27me3 modification is altered at a subset of PRC2 targets throughout the genome in crel mutants. Our results uncover a wide role for CREL in plant and organ differentiation in tomato and suggest that CREL is required for targeting PRC2 activity, and thus silencing, to a specific subset of polycomb targets.
Project description:To investigate the function of SlNOR-like1 in the regulation of cuticle formation in tomato fruits, we established nor-like1 mutants by CRISPR/Cas9. We then performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of tomato exocarp of wild type (WT) and nor-like1 mutant at mature green (MG) stage.
Project description:Detection of bacterial flagellin by the tomato receptors Flagellin sensing 2 (Fls2) and Fls3 triggers activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). We identified a tomato Fls2/Fls3-interacting receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, Fir1, that is involved in PTI triggered by flagellin perception. Fir1 localized to the plasma membrane and interacted with Fls2 and Fls3 in yeast and in planta. CRISPR/Cas9-generated tomato fir1 mutants were impaired in several immune responses induced by the flagellin-derived peptides flg22 and flgII-28, including resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, production of reactive oxygen species, and enhanced PR1b gene expression, but not MAP kinase phosphorylation. Remarkably, fir1 mutants developed larger Pst DC3000 populations than wild-type plants, whereas no differences were observed in wild-type and fir1 mutants plants infected with the flagellin deficient Pst DC3000deltafliC. fir1 mutants failed to close stomata when infected with Pst DC3000 and Pseudomonas fluorescens, and were more susceptible to Pst DC3000 than wild-type plants when inoculated by dipping, but not by vacuum-infiltration, indicating involvement of Fir1 in pre-invasion immunity. RNA-seq analysis detected fewer differentially expressed genes in fir1 mutants and altered expression of jasmonic acid (JA)-related genes. In support of JA response deregulation in fir1 mutants, these plants were similarly susceptible to Pst DC3000 and to the coronatine deficient Pst DC3118 strain, and more resistant to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea following PTI activation. These results indicate that tomato Fir1 is required for a subset of flagellin-triggered PTI responses and support a model in which Fir1 negatively regulates JA signaling during PTI activation.
Project description:NF-kB transcription factors regulate different sets of genes in distinct germinal center derived B-cell lymphomas. ChIP-Seq and expression array data merged showed that Rel-B hierarchical network defined HL and cRel hierarchical network characterized DLBCL.
Project description:The identity of most functional elements in the mammalian genome and the phenotypes they impact are unclear. Here, we perform a genome-wide comparative analysis of patterns of accelerated evolution in species with highly distinctive traits to discover candidate functional elements for clinically important phenotypes. We identify accelerated regions (ARs) in the elephant, hibernating bat, orca, dolphin, naked mole rat and thirteen-lined ground squirrel lineages in mammalian conserved regions, uncovering ~33,000 elements that bind hundreds of different regulatory proteins in humans and mice. ARs in the elephant, the largest land mammal, are uniquely enriched at elephant DNA damage response genes and changed conserved regulatory sites. The genomic hotspot for elephant ARs is the E3 ligase subunit of the Fanconi Anemia Complex, a master regulator of DNA repair. Additionally, ARs in the six species are associated with specific human clinical phenotypes that have apparent concordance with overt traits in each species.
Project description:We have examined the roles of yeast mRNA decapping-activators Pat1 and Dhh1 in repressing the translation and abundance of specific mRNAs in nutrient-replete cells using a combination of ribosome profiling, RNA-Seq, CAGE analysis of capped mRNAs, RNA Polymerase II ChIP-Seq, and TMT-mass spectrometry of mutants lacking one or both factors.