Ah receptor activation coordinates intestinal epithelial cell programing
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PROVIDER: PRJNA735774 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The intestinal epithelium undergoes differentiation into multiple cell types and undergoes rapid cellular turnover. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a sensor of small molecules found either in the diet or due to microbiota metabolism. Ahr and Cyp1a1 exhibits the highest expression in the duodenum. Germ-free mice display similar levels of Cyp1a1 expression suggesting that in mice diet is the primary source of AHR activation potential. The lack of AHR expression alters; the rate of transit down the small intestine, barrier function, and proliferative index. In Ahr-/- mouse duodenum there is also a decrease in goblet cells, mucin levels and expression of gene expression linked to epithelial cell differentiation. AHR activation with indolo[3,2b]carbazole or broccoli; increases expression of differentiation markers, decreases epithelial proliferative index and increases goblet cell number. Math1 and Klf4 are AHR target genes that are linked to development of the secretory cell linkage. Collectively, our study indicates that dietary activation of the AHR leads to altered epithelial programing leading to increased goblet cells and decreased cell shedding.
2023-12-31 | GSE176330 | GEO
Project description:Radiotherapy induced gastrointestinal syndrome results from the acute damage of intestinal stem cells, impaired crypts reconstruction, and subsequent breakdown of the mucosal barrier. The toxicity of ionizing radiation is associated with oxidative stress in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Moreover, the rapid proliferation of IECs is a risk factor for radiation damage. ?-naphthoflavone (BNF) is an agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and possesses potential antioxidative activity. We investigated BNF radioprotection in IECs experiencing ?-ray exposure, contributed to mitigation of radiation enteritis. BNF significantly enhanced cell viability and suppressed cell apoptosis in an AhR activation-dependent manner. The mechanism of BNF reducing the IECs radiosensitivity was associated with cell cycle arrest and suppression of cell proliferation. In contrast, AhR antagonist CH-223191 significantly blocked BNF-induced cell cycle arrest. Cyp1a1 mRNA levels are induced after irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, and CYP1A1 protein expression increased in the irradiated intestinal tract as well. BNF also reduces DNA strand breaks induced by irradiation. These studies demonstrate that BNF pretreatment prolonged median survival time of mice upon exposure to a lethal dose of radiation and alleviated irradiation-induced toxicity within the bowel.
| S-EPMC7763649 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Role of the Ah-receptor in cell cycle regulation. Mouse fibroblasts expressing the Ah-receptor of C57Bl/6 mice under the regulation of the Tet*Off system were compared to Ahr-/- fibroblasts synchronized at G0/G1, S-phase, or in exponential growth.
2007-08-05 | E-MEXP-996 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Flavobacterium covae strain:AH-01 | isolate:AH-01 Genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA841461 | ENA
Project description:Tet2-mediated demethylation is a key component of epigenetic programing that promotes lineage specific gene expression and contributes to cellular differentiation and function. While the differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets has been studied extensively, the epigenetic programs that regulate these processes remain unclear. We report that Tet2 acts to restrict the differentiation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in CD4+ T cells responding to viral infection. Tet2-deficient CD4+ T cells preferentially differentiated into highly functional germinal center (GC) Tfh cells that provided enhanced help for B cell responses. Using genome-wide expression and methylation analyses combined with Foxo1 ChIPseq analysis, we found that Tet2 coordinates with multiple transcription factors, including Foxo1, to mediate the demethylation and expression of their target genes following activation.
2022-06-15 | GSE183316 | GEO
Project description:Tet2-mediated demethylation is a key component of epigenetic programing that promotes lineage specific gene expression and contributes to cellular differentiation and function. While the differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets has been studied extensively, the epigenetic programs that regulate these processes remain unclear. We report that Tet2 acts to restrict the differentiation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in CD4+ T cells responding to viral infection. Tet2-deficient CD4+ T cells preferentially differentiated into highly functional germinal center (GC) Tfh cells that provided enhanced help for B cell responses. Using genome-wide expression and methylation analyses combined with Foxo1 ChIPseq analysis, we found that Tet2 coordinates with multiple transcription factors, including Foxo1, to mediate the demethylation and expression of their target genes following activation.
2022-06-15 | GSE182940 | GEO
Project description:Tet2-mediated demethylation is a key component of epigenetic programing that promotes lineage specific gene expression and contributes to cellular differentiation and function. While the differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets has been studied extensively, the epigenetic programs that regulate these processes remain unclear. We report that Tet2 acts to restrict the differentiation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in CD4+ T cells responding to viral infection. Tet2-deficient CD4+ T cells preferentially differentiated into highly functional germinal center (GC) Tfh cells that provided enhanced help for B cell responses. Using genome-wide expression and methylation analyses combined with Foxo1 ChIPseq analysis, we found that Tet2 coordinates with multiple transcription factors, including Foxo1, to mediate the demethylation and expression of their target genes following activation.
2022-06-15 | GSE183315 | GEO
Project description:Objective: Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is characterized by the expansion of ductular reaction (DR) cells and expression of liver progenitor cell (LPC) markers. The aim of this study was to identify the gene expression profile and associated genes of DR cells and to evaluate its weight in alcoholic disease progression. Design: KRT7+, KRT7- and total liver fractions were laser microdissected from liver biopsies (n=6) of patients with AH and whole transcriptome was sequenced. Gene signature was assessed in transcriptomic data from 41 patients with alcoholic liver disease. Pro-inflammatory profile was evaluated in tissue and serum samples and in human LPC organoids. Results: Transcriptome analysis of KRT7+ DR cells uncovered intrinsic gene pathways of DR and allowed identifying genes associated with DR expressed in AH. In addition, DR gene signature and associated genes correlated with disease progression and poor outcome in AH patients. Importantly, DR presented a pro-inflammatory profile with expression of CXC and CCL chemokines and was associated with infiltrating neutrophils. Moreover, LPC markers correlated with liver expression and circulating levels of inflammatory mediators. In vitro, human LPC organoids mimicked ductular reaction gene expression profile and produced chemokines. Moreover, LPC promoted neutrophil migration and enhanced their inflammatory profile. Conclusions: Here we report for the first time the gene expression signature of DR in AH and its association with disease progression. Functional and experimental analysis demonstrates that DR cells have a pro-inflammatory profile, and suggest their involvement in neutrophil recruitment and liver inflammatory response.
2019-01-11 | GSE100901 | GEO
Project description:Commensal microbiota-dependent tryptophan catabolism within the gastrointestinal tract is known to exert profound effects upon host physiology, including the maintenance of epithelial barrier and immune function. A number of abundant microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites exhibit activation potential for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Gene expression facilitated by AHR activation through the presence of dietary or microbiota-generated metabolites can influence gastrointestinal homeostasis and confer protection from intestinal challenges. Utilizing untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics profiling, combined with AHR activity screening assays, we identify four previously unrecognized tryptophan metabolites, present in mouse cecal contents and human stool, with the capacity to activate AHR. Using GC/MS and LC/MS platforms, quantification of these novel AHR activators, along with previously established AHR-activating tryptophan metabolites, was achieved, providing a relative order of abundance. Using physiologically relevant concentrations and quantitative gene expression analyses, the relative efficacy of these tryptophan metabolites with regard to mouse or human AHR activation potential is examined. These data reveal indole, 2-oxindole, indole-3-acetic acid and kynurenic acid as the dominant AHR activators in mouse cecal contents and human stool from participants on a controlled diet. Here we provide the first documentation of the relative abundance and AHR activation potential of a panel of microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites. Furthermore, these data reveal the human AHR to be more sensitive, at physiologically relevant concentrations, to tryptophan metabolite activation than mouse AHR. Additionally, correlation analyses indicate a relationship linking major tryptophan metabolite abundance with AHR activity, suggesting these cecal/fecal metabolites represent biomarkers of intestinal AHR activity.
| S-EPMC7524359 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cyathus striatus AH 40144 - Transcriptome
| PRJNA372834 | ENA