Integrative transcriptomics reveals activation of innate immune responses and inhibition of inflammation during oral immunotherapy for egg allergy in children
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PROVIDER: PRJNA739159 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The objective of the study was to investigate how oral immunotherapy (OIT) for food allergy modulates inflammation and immune cell responses. The blood cell transcriptome of 50 children receiving egg OIT was profiled using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples obtained at baseline and after 3 and 8 months of OIT.
2022-01-05 | GSE178460 | GEO
Project description:The transcriptional response to egg differed between PBMCs from egg allergic and clinically tolerant subjects. Differentially expressed genes included IL-9 and TNFg. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed gene signatures and associated co-expressed gene modules revealed an association of egg allergy with unique immune pathways. In addition to showing a positive association of egg-induced gene transcription in allergic individuals with Th2 CD4+ T cells and a novel negative association with induced Tregs, this approach identified a highly significant overlap with genes induced by TLR4 stimulation of myeloid cells.
2016-10-18 | GSE88796 | GEO
Project description:We previously reported the results of a randomized, open-label trial of egg oral immunotherapy (OIT) in 50 children where 44% were desensitized and 46% were partially desensitized after 8 months of treatment. Here we focus on cell-mediated molecular mechanisms driving desensitization during egg OIT. We sought to determine whether changes in genome-wide gene expression in blood cells during egg OIT correlate with humoral responses and the clinical outcome. The blood cell transcriptome of 50 children receiving egg OIT was profiled using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples obtained at baseline and after 3 and 8 months of OIT. We identified 467 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after 3 or 8 months of egg OIT. At 8 months, 86% of the DEGs were downregulated and played a role in the signaling of TREM1, IL-6, and IL-17. In correlation analyses, Gal d 1-4-specific IgG4 antibodies associated positively with DEGs playing a role in pathogen recognition and antigen presentation and negatively with DEGs playing a role in the signaling of IL-10, IL-6, and IL-17. Desensitized and partially desensitized patients had differences in their antibody responses, and although most of the transcriptomic changes were shared, both groups had also specific patterns, which suggest slower changes in partially desensitized and activation of NK cells in the desensitized group. OIT for egg allergy in children inhibits inflammation and activates innate immune responses regardless of the clinical outcome at 8 months. Changes in gene expression patterns first appear as posttranslational protein modifications, followed by more sustained epigenetic gene regulatory functions related to successful desensitization.
| S-EPMC8714802 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFor egg allergy, dietary avoidance is the only currently approved treatment. We evaluated oral immunotherapy using egg-white powder for the treatment of children with egg allergy.MethodsIn this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 55 children, 5 to 11 years of age, with egg allergy received oral immunotherapy (40 children) or placebo (15). Initial dose-escalation, build-up, and maintenance phases were followed by an oral food challenge with egg-white powder at 10 months and at 22 months. Children who successfully passed the challenge at 22 months discontinued oral immunotherapy and avoided all egg consumption for 4 to 6 weeks. At 24 months, these children underwent an oral food challenge with egg-white powder and a cooked egg to test for sustained unresponsiveness. Children who passed this challenge at 24 months were placed on a diet with ad libitum egg consumption and were evaluated for continuation of sustained unresponsiveness at 30 months and 36 months.ResultsAfter 10 months of therapy, none of the children who received placebo and 55% of those who received oral immunotherapy passed the oral food challenge and were considered to be desensitized; after 22 months, 75% of children in the oral-immunotherapy group were desensitized. In the oral-immunotherapy group, 28% (11 of 40 children) passed the oral food challenge at 24 months and were considered to have sustained unresponsiveness. At 30 months and 36 months, all children who had passed the oral food challenge at 24 months were consuming egg. Of the immune markers measured, small wheal diameters on skin-prick testing and increases in egg-specific IgG4 antibody levels were associated with passing the oral food challenge at 24 months.ConclusionsThese results show that oral immunotherapy can desensitize a high proportion of children with egg allergy and induce sustained unresponsiveness in a clinically significant subset. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00461097.).
| S-EPMC3424505 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The prevalence of respiratory allergy in children is increasing. Epigenetic changes (e.g. DNA methylation) are plausible underlying molecular mechanisms. Longitudinal birth cohorts are instrumental to study the relation between early-life environmental factors and the development of complex diseases. Our AXA Research Fund and Cefic-LRI supported project explores the hypothesis that chemical exposures during pregnancy can influence the immune system and development of allergy in children. Questionnaire data, as well as cord blood, plus blood and saliva samples at age 11 years, were collected in substudies of two longitudinal birth cohorts in Belgium (FLEHS1 & FLEHS2) and analyzed with Illumina Methylation 450K BeadChips as well as gene targeted iPLEX MassArrays analysis. The project aims to answer the following questions: 1) can we identify specific changes in epigenetic modifications on DNA from allergic compared to not-allergic children; 2) are these allergy-related epigenetic changes a result of chemical exposure during pregnancy; and 3) did the early life exposures leave an epigenetic “mark” that is maintained through childhood. If chemicals exposures and resulting predictive markers of allergic diseases can be detected early, prevention strategies, particularly in children or before pregnancy, could be developed.
2018-02-06 | GSE110128 | GEO
Project description:Hypersensitivity or an allergy to chicken egg proteins is a predominant symptomatic condition affecting 1 in 20 children in Australia; however, an effective form of therapy has not yet been found. This occurs as the immune system of the allergic individual overreacts when in contact with egg allergens (egg proteins), triggering a complex immune response. The subsequent instantaneous inflammatory immune response is characterized by the excessive production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody against the allergen, T-cell mediators and inflammation. Current allergen-specific approaches to egg allergy diagnosis and treatment lack consistency and therefore pose safety concerns among anaphylactic patients. Immunotherapy has thus far been found to be the most efficient way to treat and relieve symptoms, this includes oral immunotherapy (OIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). A major limitation in immunotherapy, however, is the difficulty in preparing effective and safe extracts from natural allergen sources. Advances in molecular techniques allow for the production of safe and standardized recombinant and hypoallergenic egg variants by targeting the IgE-binding epitopes responsible for clinical allergic symptoms. Site-directed mutagenesis can be performed to create such safe hypoallergens for their potential use in future methods of immunotherapy, providing a feasible standardized therapeutic approach to target egg allergies safely.
| S-EPMC7404024 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWhile desensitization and sustained unresponsiveness (SU) have been shown with egg oral immunotherapy (OIT), the benefits of baked egg (BE) therapy for egg allergy have not been well studied.ObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BE ingestion compared with egg OIT in participants allergic to unbaked egg but tolerant to BE.MethodsChildren who are BE-tolerant but unbaked egg reactive ages 3 to 16 years were randomized to 2 years of treatment with either BE or egg OIT. Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges were conducted after 1 and 2 years of treatment to assess for desensitization, and after 2 years of treatment followed by 8 to 10 weeks off of treatment to assess for SU. Mechanistic studies were conducted to assess for immune modulation. A cohort of participants who are BE-reactive underwent egg OIT and identical double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges as a comparator group.ResultsFifty participants (median age 7.3 years) were randomized and initiated treatment. SU was achieved in 3 of 27 participants assigned to BE (11.1%) versus 10 of 23 participants assigned to egg OIT (43.5%) (P = .009). In the BE-reactive comparator group, 7 of 39 participants (17.9%) achieved SU. More participants who are BE-tolerant withdrew from BE versus from egg OIT (29.6% vs 13%). Dosing symptom frequency in participants who are BE-tolerant was similar with BE and egg OIT, but more frequent in participants who are BE-reactive. Egg white-specific IgE, skin testing, and basophil activation decreased similarly after BE and egg OIT.ConclusionsAmong children allergic to unbaked egg but tolerant to BE, those treated with egg OIT were significantly more likely to achieve SU than were children ingesting BE.
| S-EPMC7554054 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Regulatory and Effector T cells in Oral Immunotherapy for Food Allergy
| PRJNA565273 | ENA
Project description:Regulatory and Effector T cells in Oral Immunotherapy for Food Allergy
| PRJNA565274 | ENA
Project description:BackgroundEgg allergy is common in young children (<5 years) and has significant negative impacts on quality of life.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to characterize egg allergy prevalence, severity, baked egg tolerance, and other associated factors in a large US cohort.MethodsA national cross-sectional survey was administered from October 2015 to September 2016, resulting in complete parent-proxy responses for 38,408 children. Weighted proportions were estimated to compare egg allergy prevalence and characteristics between key subpopulations.ResultsThe overall prevalence of current, convincingly egg allergy was 0.9% among all children and 1.3% among children <5 years. Black children were over-represented among children with egg allergy, accounting for 23.4% (95% confidence interval: 13.1-38.4) of egg-allergic children despite comprising 13.2% (12.3-14.2) of the US pediatric population. Among children with egg allergy, 64.2% reported baked egg tolerance and 60.2% had allergy to other foods, with 29.3% having peanut allergy. Asthma was more prevalent in children with an egg allergy than children with other top 8 food allergies (46.5% [35.8-57.4] vs 33.2% [29.6-37.0], P < .05). Among children with current egg allergy, those with baked egg tolerance reported that their food allergy resulted in significantly reduced psychosocial burden, relative to their baked egg-allergic counterparts (M = 3.1 [2.9-3.3] vs M = 3.7 [3.5-3.9]).ConclusionsEgg allergy is common amongst young children. Nearly two-thirds of children with egg allergy reported baked egg tolerance. Increased efforts are needed to ensure that children with egg allergy are appropriately evaluated as many have comorbid allergic disease and determination of baked egg tolerance may improve quality of life.
| S-EPMC7895443 | biostudies-literature