Distinct catalytic-dependent or -independent activities of DNMT1 in mouse embryonic stem cells
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA741899 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR14929834_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR14929834_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR14929835_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR14929835_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR14929836_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:DNMT1 maintains DNA methylation profile and regulates gene expression. Although DNMT1 interacts with other proteins that regulate gene expressions, it remains unclear how the protein-protein interaction or the catalytic activity of DNMT1 itself affect gene expression and DNA methylation pattern. In this study, immunofluorescence staining showed abnormal DNA methylation pattern in chromosome arms of DNMT1-deficient (1KO) mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and we hypothesized that DNMT1 helps methylation activity of DNMT3. To validate this hypothesis, we generate transgenic 1KO ESCs expressing catalytic inactive DNMT1 (1KO+1CI). Here, we used RNA-seq to analyze the effect of catalytic-dependent or -independent DNMT1 activity on gene expression in ESCs or epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs) induction.
2022-01-01 | GSE179006 | GEO
Project description:Enzymatic methylation of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine in DNA is a fundamental epigenetic mechanism involved in mammalian development and disease. DNA methylation is brought about by collective action of three AdoMet-dependent DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), whose catalytic interactions and temporal interplay are poorly understood. We used structure-guided engineering of the Dnmt1 methyltransferase to enable catalytic transfer of azide tags onto DNA from a synthetic cofactor analog, Ado-6-azide, in vitro . We then CRISPR-edited the Dnmt1 locus in mouse embryonic stem cells to install the engineered codon, which, following pulse- internalization of the Ado-6-azide cofactor by electroporation, permitted selective azide-tagging of Dnmt1-specific genomic targets in cellula . The deposited covalent tags were exploited as ‘click’ handles for reading adjoining sequences and precise genomic mapping of the methylation sites. The proposed approach, Dnmt-TOP-seq, enables high-resolution temporal tracking of the Dnmt1 catalysis in mammalian cells paving the way to selective studies of other methylation pathways in eukaryotic systems.
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Project description:TET2 Regulates Mast Cell Differentiation and Proliferation through Catalytic and Non-catalytic Activities.
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Project description:Selective chemical tracking of Dnmt1 catalytic activity in live cells
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Project description:We generated base-resolution DNA methylomes of a series of DNMT knockout (KO) ES cells with improved coverage at highly repetitive elements. We find that DNMT1- and DNMT3a/3b-dependent activities actually work complementarily and simultaneously to establish symmetric CG methylation and CHH (H=A, T or C) methylation, and unexpectedly have “division of labor” to suppress retrotransposon long terminal repeats (LTRs) and long interspersed elements (LINEs), respectively. Our data also reveal CG density number of 30 seems like a 'threshold' to predetermine the level of methylation in wild type cells and the magnitude of methylation reduction in KO cells. Only genes with low CG number are either induced or surprisingly suppressed in hypomethylated genome. Our data unveil the concerted action of DNMT enzymes in the establishment/maintenance of methylation patterns. Genomic DNA from four different cell lines were treated with bisulfite and sequenced with the Illumina HiSeq platform using paired end reads.
2015-05-27 | E-GEOD-61457 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:BackgroundDNA methylation patterns are initiated by de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3a/3b adding methyl groups to CG dinucleotides in the hypomethylated genome of early embryos. These patterns are faithfully maintained by DNMT1 during DNA replication to ensure epigenetic inheritance across generations. However, this two-step model is based on limited data.ResultsWe generated base-resolution DNA methylomes for a series of DNMT knockout embryonic stem cells, with deep coverage at highly repetitive elements. We show that DNMT1 and DNMT3a/3b activities work complementarily and simultaneously to establish symmetric CG methylation and CHH (H = A, T or C) methylation. DNMT3a/3b can add methyl groups to daughter strands after each cycle of DNA replication. We also observe an unexpected division of labor between DNMT1 and DNMT3a/3b in suppressing retrotransposon long terminal repeats and long interspersed elements, respectively. Our data suggest that mammalian cells use a specific CG density threshold to predetermine methylation levels in wild-type cells and the magnitude of methylation reduction in DNMT knockout cells. Only genes with low CG density can be induced or, surprisingly, suppressed in the hypomethylated genome. Lastly, we do not find any association between gene body methylation and transcriptional activity.ConclusionsWe show the concerted actions of DNMT enzymes in the establishment and maintenance of methylation patterns. The finding of distinct roles of DNMT1-dependent and -independent methylation patterns in genome stability and regulation of transcription provides new insights for understanding germ cell development, neuronal diversity, and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and will help to develop next-generation DNMT inhibitors.
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Project description:Here we identify a Dicer-independent miRNA biogenesis pathway that employs the slicer catalytic activity of Argonaute2 (Ago2). To uncover Dicer-independent miRNAs, we sequenced small RNAs in wild type, maternal-zygotic dicer (MZdicer) and MZago2 mutants, using zebrafish as a model system. We find that, in contrast to other miRNAs, miR-451 levels were increased in MZdicer but drastically reduced in the MZago2 mutants. We show that pre-miR-451 processing requires Ago2 catalytic activity in vivo. MZago2 mutant embryos display delayed erythrocyte maturation that can be rescued by wild type Ago2 or miR-451 duplex but not catalytically dead Ago2. We propose that Ago2-mediated cleavage of a subset of pre-miRNAs, followed by uridylation and trimming, generates functional miRNAs in a Dicer-independent manner. Examination of small RNAs (18 to 35 nucleotides) in 3 different zebrafish genotypes (wild type, MZago2, MZdicer) at 48 hours post-fertilization.
2010-07-01 | E-GEOD-21503 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Catalytic-independent functions of INTAC confer sensitivity to BET inhibition
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Project description:DNA methylation is a universal epigenetic mechanism involved in regulation of gene expression and genome stability. The DNA maintenance methylase DNMT1 ensures that DNA methylation patterns are faithfully transmitted to daughter cells during cell division. Because DNMT1 is essential for cell viability, little is known about its tissue-specific function. To overcome this impediment, forward genetic screens were conducted in medaka and zebrafish to identify viable dnmt1 alleles. The recovered recessive missense mutations lead to distorted structures of the catalytic pocket and reduced enzymatic activities, resulting in hypomethylation of genomic DNA that specifically impairs lymphoid development. The insights gleaned from fish dnmt1 alleles enabled the structure-guided generation of a hypomorphic variant of mouse Dnmt1, which also causes cell-autonomous defects of lymphoid development. The similar phenotypes observed in three distinct species suggest that the unique sensitivity of lymphocytes to perturbations of DNA methylation patterns is an evolutionarily conserved feature of all vertebrates.
2020-07-07 | GSE141114 | GEO
Project description:DNA methylation is a universal epigenetic mechanism involved in regulation of gene expression and genome stability. The DNA maintenance methylase DNMT1 ensures that DNA methylation patterns are faithfully transmitted to daughter cells during cell division. Because DNMT1 is essential for cell viability, little is known about its tissue-specific function. To overcome this impediment, forward genetic screens were conducted in medaka and zebrafish to identify viable dnmt1 alleles. The recovered recessive missense mutations lead to distorted structures of the catalytic pocket and reduced enzymatic activities, resulting in hypomethylation of genomic DNA that specifically impairs lymphoid development. The insights gleaned from fish dnmt1 alleles enabled the structure-guided generation of a hypomorphic variant of mouse Dnmt1, which also causes cell-autonomous defects of lymphoid development. The similar phenotypes observed in three distinct species suggest that the unique sensitivity of lymphocytes to perturbations of DNA methylation patterns is an evolutionarily conserved feature of all vertebrates.
2020-07-07 | GSE98646 | GEO