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Using transcriptomics and metabolomics to understand species differences in sensitivity to chlorpyrifos in Japanese quail and double-crested cormorant embryos

ABSTRACT: Using transcriptomics and metabolomics to understand species differences in sensitivity to chlorpyrifos in Japanese quail and double-crested cormorant embryos

PROVIDER: PRJNA744922 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR15075416_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR15075416_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR15075417_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR15075417_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR15075418_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Using transcriptomics and metabolomics to understand species differences in sensitivity to chlorpyrifos in Japanese quail and double-crested cormorant embryos

Project description:Modern 21st century toxicity testing makes use of omics technologies to address critical questions in toxicology and chemical management. Of interest are questions relating to chemical mechanisms of toxicity, differences in species sensitivity, and translation of molecular effects to observable apical endpoints. Our study addressed these questions by comparing apical outcomes and multiple omics responses in early-life stage exposure studies with Japanese quail (JQ; Coturnix japonica) and double crested cormorant (DCCO; Phalacrocorax auritus), representing a model and ecological species, respectively. Specifically, we investigated the dose-dependent response of apical outcomes, transcriptomics, and metabolomics in the liver in each species exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphate pesticide. Our results revealed a clear pattern of dose-dependent disruption of gene expression and metabolic profiles in JQ but not DCCO at similar CPF exposure concentrations. The difference in effect sensitivity between species was likely due to higher metabolic transformation of CPF in the precocial JQ compared to the more altricial DCCO. The most impacted biological pathways after CPF exposure in JQ included hepatic metabolism, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption (steroid and non-steroid hormones), and metabolic disease (lipid and fatty acid metabolism). Importantly, we show consistent responses across biological scales, suggesting that significant disruption at the level of gene expression and metabolite profiles leads to observable apical responses at the organism level. Our study demonstrates the utility of evaluating effects at multiple biological levels of organization to understand how modern toxicity testing relates to outomes of regulatory relevance, while also highlighting important, yet poorly understood, species differences in sensitivity to chemical exposure.

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Project description:Species difference in susceptibility to toxicants is a critical issue in ecotoxicology. Transcriptomics is being proposed as a strategy to improve toxicity testing for regulatory risk assessment; however, different responses among species have not been extensively explored using this approach. In the present study, we identified dysregulated genes and pathways in Japanese quail (JQ) and double-crested cormorant (DCCO) embryos following exposure to ethinylestradiol (EE2). The objectives were to evaluate unique and overlapping transcriptomic responses to estrogenic exposure in the two species, and to determine whether these responses correspond to previously reported sensitivity difference at the organismal level. Exposures were conducted according to an avian egg injection protocol that we have proposed for standardization. EE2 was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and injected into the air cell of eggs prior to incubation at nominal concentrations of 0, 3.33, and 33.3 µg/g egg weight. After 9-days (JQ) or 16-days (DCCO) of incubation (representing mid-incubation stage), liver tissues were collected from 5 embryos per treatment group for RNA-sequencing. Data were processed and analyzed using EcoOmicsAnalyst (www.ecoomicsanalyst.ca) and ExpressAnalyst (www.expressanalyst.ca). Following exposure to EE2, JQ and DCCO had 238 and 1987 differentially expressed genes, respectively, having 78 of them in common. The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the estrogenic effects of contaminants in birds, the expansion of taxonomic coverage in chemical risk assessment from model to non-model species, and the evaluation of transcriptomics and early-life stage tests as alternative toxicity testing methods. This study was conducted as a part of a large-scale Genome Canada-funded project, EcoToxChip project (www.ecotoxchip.ca).

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