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Project description:High-throughput proteomics was used to determine the role of the fish liver in defense responses to bacterial infection, done using a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) model following infection with Aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis. The vertebrate liver has multifaceted roles in innate immunity, metabolism, and growth; we hypothesize this tissue serves a dual function in supporting host defense in parallel to metabolic adjustments that promote effective immune function. While past studies have reported mRNA responses to A. salmonicida in salmonids, the impact of bacterial infectionon the liver proteome remains uncharacterized in fish.
2018-10-08 | PXD010186 | Pride
Project description:The vertebrate kidneys play two evolutionary conserved roles in waste excretion and osmoregulation. Besides, the kidney of fish is considered as a functional ortholog of mammalian bone marrow that serves as a hematopoietic hub for generating blood cell lineages and immunological responses. However, knowledge about the properties of kidney hematopoietic cells, and the functionality of kidney in fish immune systems remain to be elucidated. To this end, our present study generated a comprehensive atlas with 59 hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) and immune-cell types from zebrafish kidney via single-cell transcriptome profiling analysis. These populations included almost all known cells associated with innate and adaptive immunity, and displayed differential responses to viral infection, indicating their diverse functional roles in antiviral immunity. Remarkably, HSPCs were found to have extensive reactivities to viral infection, and the trained immunity can be effectively induced in certain HSPCs. In addition, the antigen-stimulated adaptive immunity can be fully generated in kidney, suggesting kidney acting as a secondary lymphoid organ. These results indicated that fish kidney is a dual-functional entity with functionalities of both primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Our findings illustrated the unique features of fish immune system, and highlighted the multifaced biology of kidney in ancient vertebrates.
2024-03-15 | GSE242133 | GEO
Project description:The paper describes a model on the key components for tumor–immune dynamics in multiple myeloma.
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This model is described in the article:
The Role of the Innate Immune System in Oncolytic Virotherapy
Tuan Anh Phan and Jianjun Paul Tian
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine (2017) 6587258
Abstract:
The complexity of the immune responses is a major challenge in current virotherapy. This study incorporates the innate immune response into our basic model for virotherapy and investigates how the innate immunity affects the outcome of virotherapy. The viral therapeutic dynamics is largely determined by the viral burst size, relative innate immune killing rate, and relative innate immunity decay rate. The innate immunity may complicate virotherapy in the way of creating more equilibria when the viral burst size is not too big, while the dynamics is similar to the system without innate immunity when the viral burst size is big.
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2024-09-02 | BIOMD0000000748 | BioModels
Project description:Experimentally infected Atlantic salmon post-smolts exhibited different outcomes of disease (CMS). High responder (HR) fish were characterized with sustained and increased viral load and pathology in heart tissue. Low responder (LR) fish showed declining viral load from 6-10 weeks post infection (wpi) and absence of pathology. Global gene expression analyses were performed to compare these groups. Virus-responsive genes involved in early antiviral and innate immune responses were upregulated equally in LR and HR at the first stage (2-4 wpi), reflecting the initial increase in virus replication. Repression of heart muscle development indicated the early onset of pathology. By six weeks both responder groups had comparable viral loads, while increased pathology was observed in HR fish. This was reflected by induced expression of genes implicated in apoptosis and cell death, presumably related to lymphocyte regulation and survival. In contrast, LR fish showed earlier activation of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. At the late stage of infection, increased pathology and viral load in HR was accompanied by a broad activation of genes involved in adaptive immunity and particularly T cell responses, probably reflecting the increased infiltration and homing of virus-specific T cells to the infected heart. This was in sharp contrast to LR fish, where recovery and reduced viral load was associated with a significantly reduced transcription of adaptive immunity genes and activation of genes involved in energy metabolism. Atlantic salmon post smolts (average weight 50g) were challenged with the putative CMS causing pathogen (PMCV). Heart was sampled from challenged and control fish at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wpi. Heart pathology was detectable earliest at 6 wpi and from this time-point, individuals were assigned to HR and LR.
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2010-06-20 | E-GEOD-9260 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Monocyte differentiation into macrophages represents one of the cornerstone processes in innate host defense. In addition, immunological imprinting of either tolerance or trained immunity after an initial infection determines the functional fate of innate immune cells and the susceptibility of the host to secondary infections. Here we comprehensively characterize the epigenetic profiles of these functional states relative to healthy adult naM-CM-/ve monocytes. Inflammatory and metabolic pathways are strongly modulated in the derived macrophages, including decreased activation of inflammasome components. The cAMP-dependent signaling pathway is remodeled and adrenergic signaling was functionally implicated in trained innate immunity induction in vivo. Interestingly, M-oM-^AM-"-Glucan trains innate immune cells through extensive remodeling of distal regulatory region-bound histone acetylation, resulting in a sizeable exclusive epigenomic signature. Accordingly, genome-wide transcription factor footprint analysis reveals a specific transcription factor repertoire at trained cell-specific enhancers when recouped with epigenetic data, forming a rich hypothesis generator to manipulate innate immunity. Monocytes were pre-incubated either with cell culture medium (RPMI), M-NM-2-glucan (5M-BM-5g/mL) or with LPS (100ng/mL), for 24 hours in a total volume of 10 mL. After a wash-out, cells were cultured in RPMI supplemented with 10% human pool serum. Monocytes were collected at different time points (0 h and 6 d after treatment) and counted before further treatment for chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA or DNaseI treatment. Different donor Buffycoats (BC) were used as independent replicates. Replicates were generated for all the profiles including ChIPseq,RNAseq and DNaseIseq.
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