Broad ultrastructural and transcriptomic changes underlie the multinucleated giant hemocyte mediated innate immune response against parasitoids
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA750150 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR15268408_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR15268408_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR15268409_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR15268409_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR15268410_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Multinucleated giant hemocytes (MGHs) represent a novel type of blood cell in insects that participate in a highly efficient immune response against parasitoid wasps involving isolation and killing of the parasite. Previously we showed that circulating MGHs have high motility and interaction with the parasitoid rapidly triggers encapsulation, structural and molecular mechanisms behind these processes remained elusive. Here, we use detailed ultrastructural analysis of MGHs and also live cell imaging to study encapsulation in Drosophila ananassae after parasitoid wasp infection. We found dynamic structural changes, mainly driven by the formation of diverse vesicular systems and a large variety of newly developed intracytoplasmic membrane organizations, moreover abundant generation of giant cell exosomes (GCE) in the MGHs. Moreover, we used RNA sequencing to study the transcriptomic profile of MGHs and the activated plasmatocytes 72 hours after infection, as well as the uninduced blood cells. This reveals that differentiation of MGHs is accompanied by broad changes in gene expression. Consistent with the observed structural changes, transcripts mainly related to vesicular function, cytoskeletal organization and adhesion were enriched in MGHs. In addition, transmembrane receptors were upregulated, which may be important for parasitoid recognition. Our results reveal coordinated molecular and structural changes in the course of MGH differentiation and parasitoid encapsulation, providing a mechanistic model for a powerful innate immune response.
2021-12-17 | GSE180960 | GEO
Project description:Multinucleated giant hemocytes (MGHs) represent a novel type of blood cell in insects that participate in a highly efficient immune response against parasitoid wasps involving isolation and killing of the parasite. Previously, we showed that circulating MGHs have high motility and the interaction with the parasitoid rapidly triggers encapsulation. However, structural and molecular mechanisms behind these processes remained elusive. Here, we used detailed ultrastructural analysis and live cell imaging of MGHs to study encapsulation in Drosophila ananassae after parasitoid wasp infection. We found dynamic structural changes, mainly driven by the formation of diverse vesicular systems and newly developed complex intracytoplasmic membrane structures, and abundant generation of giant cell exosomes in MGHs. In addition, we used RNA sequencing to study the transcriptomic profile of MGHs and activated plasmatocytes 72 h after infection, as well as the uninduced blood cells. This revealed that differentiation of MGHs was accompanied by broad changes in gene expression. Consistent with the observed structural changes, transcripts related to vesicular function, cytoskeletal organization, and adhesion were enriched in MGHs. In addition, several orphan genes encoding for hemolysin-like proteins, pore-forming toxins of prokaryotic origin, were expressed at high level, which may be important for parasitoid elimination. Our results reveal coordinated molecular and structural changes in the course of MGH differentiation and parasitoid encapsulation, providing a mechanistic model for a powerful innate immune response.
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Project description:The role of placental macrophages is largely ignored in the success of pregnancy. We found that CD14+ macrophages purified from at-term placentas spontaneously matured into multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). MGCs lost the expression of CD14 and co-inhibitory molecules, such as Programmed cell Death-Ligands 1 and 2. Although MGCs kept phagocytosis and property to produce ROS, their inflammatory potential measured by TNF/IL-10 imbalance and activation of p38 MAPK and NF-M-NM-:B was blunted without being associated with M2 phenotype. The investigation of gene expression revealed the enrichment with categories related to inflammation, apoptosis and canonical functions of macrophages in MGCs. Whereas most of the genes associated with inflammation and immune responses were down-modulated, those such as VEGFC or associated with matrix remodeling were specifically up-regulated in MGCs. Importantly, we found that patients with preeclampsia or chorioamnionitis, two inflammatory and infectious pathologies, respectively, that affect placentas, were unable to generate MGCs. Taken together, these results suggest that MGCs represent a new way to regulate the inflammatory and cytocidal activity of placental macrophages in a context that imposes contradictory constraints, such as semi-allograft acceptance and defense against aggression. The dysregulation of MGC formation may be associated with placental inflammatory and infectious pathologies. Placental macrophages CD14+ were cultured for 9 days to form multinucleated giant cells (MGC). The transcriptome of MGCs was compared to the transcriptome of placental macrophages (CD14+)
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Project description:Co-culture of platelets with monocytes induces the forming of multinucleated giant foam cells (MP-Mac or MP-MNGCs). Compared with normal monocyte differentiated macrophages (M-Mac), the MP-MNGCs can engulf more mycobacteria with suppressed inflammatory responses (releasing more IL-10 with less TNF-gamma). Microarray analysis demonstrated that the MP-MNGCs greatly up-regulated CXCL5, PPBP, NT5E, PDPN, CXCL3 and other M2 related genes, such as ARG1, CXCL1, CD163, etc. GO analysis revealed higher cluster of genes in response to wounding and nuclear division. Immunohistochemistry studies indicated similar high expression of IL-10, CXCL5, CXCL3, PDPN and ARG1 expression in MNGCs of TB granuloma, which indicated that phagocytosis of activated platelets by monocytes might be involved in pathogenesis of TB granuloma.
2014-01-01 | GSE45960 | GEO
Project description:A major population of placenta macrophages represented throughout the pregnancy consists of CD14+ macrophages, but their characteristics remain badly understood. Here we purified from placentas at term CD14+ macrophages using positive selection. The phenotyping of CD14+ macrophages performed using flow cytometry revealed that placenta CD14+ macrophages expressed a series of markers distinct of those of circulating monocytes monocyte-derived macrophages. Placenta CD14+ macrophages spontaneously matured in multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) as demonstrated by size, number of nuclei display and specific cytoskeleton organization. Placenta CD14+ macrophages and MGCs were phagocytic cells but the potential of MGCs to mount an inflammatory response was lower than that of their precursors. Placenta CD14+ macrophages and MGCs stimulated with interferon and interleukin-4 were not polarized into typical M1 or M2 profiles. Placenta macrophages exhibited specific activation transcriptional programs. Indeed, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering show that placental macrophages formed a distinct group from circulating monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Among placenta macrophages, it was also possible to distinguish CD14+ macrophages and MGCs. In addition, networks based on gene interactions were clearly different in CD14+ macrophages and MGCs. Finally, the microenvironment of placenta CD14+ macrophages governs their differentiation into MGCs because CD14+ macrophages incubated with trophoblasts exhibited exarcerbated characteristics of MGCs and because the co-incubation of circulating monocytes from working women with trophoblast supernatants resulted into the formation of MGCs whereas monocytes from non-pregnant women incubated with trophoblast supernatants did not differentiate into MGCs. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrated specific feaures of placenta CD14+ macrophages.
2012-12-07 | GSE29575 | GEO
Project description:A major population of placenta macrophages represented throughout the pregnancy consists of CD14+ macrophages, but their characteristics remain badly understood. Here we purified from placentas at term CD14+ macrophages using positive selection. The phenotyping of CD14+ macrophages performed using flow cytometry revealed that placenta CD14+ macrophages expressed a series of markers distinct of those of circulating monocytes monocyte-derived macrophages. Placenta CD14+ macrophages spontaneously matured in multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) as demonstrated by size, number of nuclei display and specific cytoskeleton organization. Placenta CD14+ macrophages and MGCs were phagocytic cells but the potential of MGCs to mount an inflammatory response was lower than that of their precursors. Placenta CD14+ macrophages and MGCs stimulated with interferon and interleukin-4 were not polarized into typical M1 or M2 profiles. Placenta macrophages exhibited specific activation transcriptional programs. Indeed, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering show that placental macrophages formed a distinct group from circulating monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Among placenta macrophages, it was also possible to distinguish CD14+ macrophages and MGCs. In addition, networks based on gene interactions were clearly different in CD14+ macrophages and MGCs. Finally, the microenvironment of placenta CD14+ macrophages governs their differentiation into MGCs because CD14+ macrophages incubated with trophoblasts exhibited exarcerbated characteristics of MGCs and because the co-incubation of circulating monocytes from working women with trophoblast supernatants resulted into the formation of MGCs whereas monocytes from non-pregnant women incubated with trophoblast supernatants did not differentiate into MGCs. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrated specific feaures of placenta CD14+ macrophages. Three replicates of each of the following: 1. Placental macrophages just after isolation (CD14+ macrophages) 2. Placental macrophages after 9 days in culture (MGCs) 3. CD14+ cells isolated from PBMC which are extracted from the whole human blood of healthy donors (Monocytes) 4. Macrophages derived from monocytes (MDMs)
2012-12-07 | E-GEOD-29575 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Co-culture of platelets with monocytes induces the forming of multinucleated giant foam cells (MP-Mac or MP-MNGCs). Compared with normal monocyte differentiated macrophages (M-Mac), the MP-MNGCs can engulf more mycobacteria with suppressed inflammatory responses (releasing more IL-10 with less TNF-gamma). Microarray analysis demonstrated that the MP-MNGCs greatly up-regulated CXCL5, PPBP, NT5E, PDPN, CXCL3 and other M2 related genes, such as ARG1, CXCL1, CD163, etc. GO analysis revealed higher cluster of genes in response to wounding and nuclear division. Immunohistochemistry studies indicated similar high expression of IL-10, CXCL5, CXCL3, PDPN and ARG1 expression in MNGCs of TB granuloma, which indicated that phagocytosis of activated platelets by monocytes might be involved in pathogenesis of TB granuloma. Microarray experiments were performed as dual-color hybridizations. To compensate for dye-specific effects, a dye-reversal color-swap was applied. Quality control and quantification of total RNA amount was assessed using an Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies) and a NanoDrop 1000 spectrophotometer (Kisker).
2014-01-01 | E-GEOD-45960 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The role of placental macrophages is largely ignored in the success of pregnancy. We found that CD14+ macrophages purified from at-term placentas spontaneously matured into multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). MGCs lost the expression of CD14 and co-inhibitory molecules, such as Programmed cell Death-Ligands 1 and 2. Although MGCs kept phagocytosis and property to produce ROS, their inflammatory potential measured by TNF/IL-10 imbalance and activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB was blunted without being associated with M2 phenotype. The investigation of gene expression revealed the enrichment with categories related to inflammation, apoptosis and canonical functions of macrophages in MGCs. Whereas most of the genes associated with inflammation and immune responses were down-modulated, those such as VEGFC or associated with matrix remodeling were specifically up-regulated in MGCs. Importantly, we found that patients with preeclampsia or chorioamnionitis, two inflammatory and infectious pathologies, respectively, that affect placentas, were unable to generate MGCs. Taken together, these results suggest that MGCs represent a new way to regulate the inflammatory and cytocidal activity of placental macrophages in a context that imposes contradictory constraints, such as semi-allograft acceptance and defense against aggression. The dysregulation of MGC formation may be associated with placental inflammatory and infectious pathologies.
2014-01-07 | GSE38747 | GEO