Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA755487 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR15497924.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR15497925.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR15497926.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR15497927.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR15497928.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Knocking out BATF improves CAR-T cell efficacy by resisting exhaustion and forming central memory cells
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Project description:Chimeric antigen receptor modified T (CAR-T) cell therapy has limited efficacy against solid tumor, one major challenge is T cell exhaustion. To address this challenge, we performed a candidate gene screen using a hypofunction CAR-T cell model, and found that knocking out BATF improved the performance of CAR-T cells. In different types of CAR-T cells and mouse OT-1 cells, knocking out BATF endows T cells with improved resistance to exhaustion and better tumor eradication efficacy. We find that BATF binds to and up-regulates a subset of exhaustion genes in human CAR-T cells. Furthermore, BATF regulates the expression of genes involved in the development of effector and memory cells, and knocking out BATF shifts the population towards more central memory subset. Therefore, we conclude that BATF is a key factor limiting CAR-T cell function, and its depletion improves CAR-T cells efficacy against solid tumor.
2022-10-12 | GSE215086 | GEO
Project description:CD70 is an attractive target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for the treatment of both solid and liquid malignancies. However, the functionality of CD70-specific CAR T-cells is modest. We optimized a CD70-specific VHH-based CAR (nanoCAR). We evaluated the nanoCARs in clinically relevant models in vitro, using co-cultures of CD70-specific nanoCAR T-cells with malignant rhabdoid tumor organoids, and in vivo using a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Whereas the nanoCAR T-cells were highly efficient in organoid co-cultures, they showed only modest efficacy in the PDX model. Fratricide was not causing this loss in efficacy but rather CD70 interaction in cis with the nanoCAR, as validated by imaging flowcytometry, induces exhaustion. Knocking out CD70 expression in nanoCAR T-cells using CRISPR/Cas9, resulted in dramatically enhanced functionality in the DLBCL PDX model. Through single-cell transcriptomics, we obtained evidence that CD70 knock out (KO) CD70-specific nanoCAR T-cells were protected from antigen-induced exhaustion. In addition, we were able to demonstrate that WT CD70-specific nanoCAR T-cells already exhibit signs of exhaustion shortly after production. Their gene signature strongly overlapped with gene signatures of exhausted CAR T-cells. On the other hand, the gene signature of KO nanoCAR T-cells overlapped with the gene signature of CAR T-cell infusion products that led to complete responses in chronic lymphatic leukemia patients. Our data show that CARs targeting endogenous T-cell antigens, negatively affect CAR T-cell functionality by inducing an exhausted state, which can be overcome by knocking out the specific target, in this case CD70.
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Project description:CD70 is an attractive target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy as treatment for both solid and liquid malignancies. However, functionality of CD70-specific CAR T cells is only modest. Here, we optimized a CD70-specific VHH based CAR (nanoCAR). We evaluated the nanoCARs in clinically relevant models in vitro, using co-cultures of CD70-specific nanoCAR T cells with malignant rhabdoid tumor organoids, and in vivo by using a diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Whereas the nanoCAR T cells were highly efficient in organoid co-cultures, they showed only modest efficacy in the PDX model. Knocking out CD70 expression in the nanoCAR T cells resulted in dramatically enhanced functionality in the PDX model, suggesting that CD70 interaction in cis with the nanoCAR induces exhaustion. Through single-cell transcriptomics, we obtained evidence that CD70 KO CD70-specific nanoCAR T cells are protected from antigen-induced exhaustion. Our data show that CARs targeted to endogenous T cell antigens, negatively affect CAR T cell functionality by inducing an exhausted state, which can be overcome by knocking out the specific target, in this case CD70.
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Project description:Cooperative interactions among transcription factors are essential for gene transcription. We previously showed that NFAT and AP-1 (Fos-Jun) transcription factors cooperate to promote the effector functions of T cells, but that under conditions where it is unable to cooperate with AP-1, NFAT imposes a negative feedback programme of T cell hyporesponsiveness (“exhaustion”). Here we show that BATF and IRF4 cooperate to counter T cell exhaustion. Overexpression of Batf in CD8+ 42 T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) promoted the survival and expansion of tumour-infiltrating CAR T cells, increased their production of effector cytokines, decreased their expression of inhibitory receptors and the exhaustion-associated transcription factor TOX, and led to the generation of long-lived memory T cells that controlled tumour recurrence. These responses were dependent on the BATF-IRF interaction, since cells expressing a Batf mutant unable to interact with Irf4 did not survive in tumours and did not effectively delay tumour growth. We suggest that BATF overexpression is a therapeutically viable option for improving the anti-tumour responses of CAR TILs, by skewing their phenotypes and transcriptional profiles away from exhaustion and towards increased effector function.
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Project description:Cooperative interactions among transcription factors are essential for gene transcription. We previously showed that NFAT and AP-1 (Fos-Jun) transcription factors cooperate to promote the effector functions of T cells, but that under conditions where it is unable to cooperate with AP-1, NFAT imposes a negative feedback programme of T cell hyporesponsiveness (“exhaustion”). Here we show that BATF and IRF4 cooperate to counter T cell exhaustion. Overexpression of Batf in CD8+ 42 T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) promoted the survival and expansion of tumour-infiltrating CAR T cells, increased their production of effector cytokines, decreased their expression of inhibitory receptors and the exhaustion-associated transcription factor TOX, and led to the generation of long-lived memory T cells that controlled tumour recurrence. These responses were dependent on the BATF-IRF interaction, since cells expressing a Batf mutant unable to interact with Irf4 did not survive in tumours and did not effectively delay tumour growth. We suggest that BATF overexpression is a therapeutically viable option for improving the anti-tumour responses of CAR TILs, by skewing their phenotypes and transcriptional profiles away from exhaustion and towards increased effector function.
2021-07-13 | GSE154745 | GEO
Project description:Cooperative interactions among transcription factors are essential for gene transcription. We previously showed that NFAT and AP-1 (Fos-Jun) transcription factors cooperate to promote the effector functions of T cells, but that under conditions where it is unable to cooperate with AP-1, NFAT imposes a negative feedback programme of T cell hyporesponsiveness (“exhaustion”). Here we show that BATF and IRF4 cooperate to counter T cell exhaustion. Overexpression of Batf in CD8+ 42 T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) promoted the survival and expansion of tumour-infiltrating CAR T cells, increased their production of effector cytokines, decreased their expression of inhibitory receptors and the exhaustion-associated transcription factor TOX, and led to the generation of long-lived memory T cells that controlled tumour recurrence. These responses were dependent on the BATF-IRF interaction, since cells expressing a Batf mutant unable to interact with Irf4 did not survive in tumours and did not effectively delay tumour growth. We suggest that BATF overexpression is a therapeutically viable option for improving the anti-tumour responses of CAR TILs, by skewing their phenotypes and transcriptional profiles away from exhaustion and towards increased effector function.
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Project description:Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy targeting human CD19 have demonstrated clinical efficacy against B-cell malignancies. However, CAR-T cell therapy's efficacy against solid tumors is limited due to factors like low tumor-associated antigens, infiltration rate, and T cell exhaustion. We have shown that deleting NR4a genes in CAR-T cells prevents T cell exhaustion and improved their therapeutic effects on solid tumors in a mouse model. To further explore this for human, we deleted all three NR4a family factors in CAR-T cells that recognize Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor type 2 (HER2) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. These modified CAR-T cells (NR4a-TKO CAR-T) exhibited resistance to exhaustion, increased tumor-killing activity, and higher efficacy in tumor regression and survival rate in a human lung carcinoma model in mice. The enhanced therapeutic effects were associated with increased cytokine expression, reduced exhaustion-related gene expression, and improved persistence within tumors. We propose that targeting NR4a could be a promising strategy for developing superior CAR-T cells against solid tumors.
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Project description:Adoptive T cell therapy with gene-modified T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a rapidly growing field of translational medicine and recently has shown dramatic therapeutic success in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. However, challenges to achieve similar response in patients harboring solid tumour are still considerable. To achieve anti-tumor efficacy, these cells must survive, expand and persist after infusion into patients. An important lesson has been derived from clinical trials using CAR technologies: the relevance of the CAR design to enhance signaling and sustain T cell proliferation and survival. Here, we prove that third generation CARs specific for GD2 antigen incorporating CD28.4-1BB costimulatory domains improves T cell immunotherapy in a neuroblastoma (NB) pre-clinical model, as compared to a CAR with the same specificity but including CD28.OX40 costimulation. Indeed, we test the anti-tumor activity of polyclonal T cells genetically modified with third generation CAR.GD2 incorporating either CD28.4-1BB or CD28.OX40 in frame with the safety switch inducible Caspase 9 (iC9). We prove a significant in vitro and in vivo amelioration of the approach by the presence of 4.1BB signaling in terms of: 1) less T cell exhaustion, 2) lower basal T cell activation, 3) higher in vivo tumor control and 4) T cell persistence. In addition, the fine tuning of T cell culture conditions with the use of IL7 and IL15 show to be synergic with the third generation CAR.GD2 design to optimize CAR T immunotherapy for NB. Our results provide a proof-of-concept for the need to optimize not only CAR construct design but also T cell culture conditions in order to boost T cell activity in vivo.
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