Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA782604 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR17005750_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17005750_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17005751_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17005751_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17005752_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) of the Southern Rocky Mountain population are declining due to the introduction of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Boreal toads in Colorado are generally susceptible to Bd infection, but some Bd-tolerant populations persist in parts of the Southern Rocky Mountain and broader Eastern boreal toad population. We conducted a Bd challenge with lab-reared sibling toads from Bd-susceptible Colorado and purportedly Bd-tolerant Utah populations and report on transcriptomic responses to Bd during late infection in skin and liver tissue. Fewer immune genes were expressed in response to Bd in Colorado toads, but with greater upregulation compared to Utah toads, indicating a dysregulated immune response. Signatures of Bd-tolerance in Utah toads included more moderate upregulation in immune gene expression and a significantly enriched suite of gene functions related to innate and adaptive immune responses. Our transcriptomic results support the notion that Utah toads are tolerant to Bd, rather than resistant, carrying Bd loads similar to Colorado yet having a unique transcriptomic profile and presenting minimal clinical signs of chytridiomycosis. We conclude that closely related populations have divergent transcriptomic responses to Bd with a dysregulated immune response in Bd-susceptible toads.
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Project description:The goal of this study is to proactively assess the risk of insecticide resistance development by determining susceptibility of field-collected D. suzukii and their response to insecticide treatment at the transcriptome level using next-generation sequencing technology. Methods:LC50 values were calculated for zeta-cypermethrin, spinosad, malathion treated D. suzukii field-collected and lab-reared populations. LC50 dosage survived and untreated (10 individuals per replicate) field-collected and lab reared D.suzukii transcript profiles were generated by RNA sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina NextSeq 500. The 24 samples (paired-end reads, including replicates) were independently mapped onto the D. suzukii genome (SpottedWingFlybase v.1) by using TopHat followed by Cufflinks to estimate the expression values of the transcripts in FPKM (Fragments Per Kilobase per Million mapped reads) with the Cuffdiff 2 default geometric normalization. Differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05 after Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple-testing) were identified for insecticide-treated or untreated control for either (1) lab-reared populations or (2) field-collected populations. Results: As an approach to proactively assess the risk of insecticide resistance development, we determined the LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) values of commonly used insecticides zeta-cypermethrin, spinosad, and malathion against laboratory-reared and field-collected D. suzukii populations. The LC50 values were significantly higher in field-collected populations when compared to lab-reared populations, indicating that field populations are less susceptible to these insecticides. Furthermore, we used RNA sequencing to analyze the response of D. suzukii at the transcriptome level upon treatment with the same three insecticide classes that are used in our bioassays. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in D. suzukii that survived LD50 doses of zeta-cypermethrin, spinosad, and malathion and gene classes that are overrepresented in DEGs. We observed that a high number of significantly DEGs are involved in detoxification and reduced cuticular penetration, especially in field population, thus providing potential molecular mechanisms for the higher LC50 values for field-collected population. Conclusion: Our study identified a high number of metabolic detoxification genes that are induced in field-collected D. suzukii upon insecticide treatment and a high degree of overlap when examining the lists of genes that are induced when D. suzukii is treated with three commonly used insecticides. Based on our results, we conclude that there is a substantial risk of insecticide resistance and cross-resistance development in D. suzukii in the field.
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