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Time-Resolved Gene Expression Analysis Monitors the Regulation of Inflammatory Mediators and Attenuation of Adaptive Immune Response by Vitamin D

ABSTRACT: Time-Resolved Gene Expression Analysis Monitors the Regulation of Inflammatory Mediators and Attenuation of Adaptive Immune Response by Vitamin D

PROVIDER: PRJNA785486 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR17091048.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR17091049.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR17091050.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR17091051.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR17091052.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Time-Resolved Gene Expression Analysis Monitors the Regulation of Inflammatory Mediators and Attenuation of Adaptive Immune Response by Vitamin D

Project description:In this study, we focused on the time-course of transcriptional changes in freshly isolated human PBMCs 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after onset of stimulation with the active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) compared to vehicle (0.1% EtOH).

2022-01-22 | GSE189984 | GEO

Time-Resolved Gene Expression Analysis Monitors the Regulation of Inflammatory Mediators and Attenuation of Adaptive Immune Response by Vitamin D.

Project description:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) belong to the innate and adaptive immune system and are highly sensitive and responsive to changes in their systemic environment. In this study, we focused on the time course of transcriptional changes in freshly isolated human PBMCs 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after onset of stimulation with the active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). Taking all four time points together, 662 target genes were identified and segregated either by time of differential gene expression into 179 primary and 483 secondary targets or by driver of expression change into 293 direct and 369 indirect targets. The latter classification revealed that more than 50% of target genes were primarily driven by the cells' response to ex vivo exposure than by the nuclear hormone and largely explained its down-regulatory effect. Functional analysis indicated vitamin D's role in the suppression of the inflammatory and adaptive immune response by down-regulating ten major histocompatibility complex class II genes, five alarmins of the S100 calcium binding protein A family and by affecting six chemokines of the C-X-C motif ligand family. Taken together, studying time-resolved responses allows to better contextualize the effects of vitamin D on the immune system.

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Oral vitamin D for the attenuation of sunburn

Project description:Background: The diverse immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D are increasingly being recognized. However, the ability of oral vitamin D to modulate immune responses in vivo has not been established in humans. Methods: Twenty healthy adults were randomized to receive placebo or a single high dose of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) one hour after localized skin irradiation with an erythemogenic dose of ultraviolet radiation. Primary outcomes included skin redness, skin thickness, and tissue expression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and iNOS). Secondary outcomes included microarray analyses. Results: As compared to placebo, subjects receiving vitamin D3 (200,000 IU) demonstrated reduced expression of TNF-α (p=0.04) and iNOS (p=0.02) in skin biopsies 48 hours after ultraviolet light exposure. Demonstrated trends included reduced skin redness (p=0.17), and reduced skin thickness (p=0.09) in subjects receiving vitamin D3 (200,000 IU). Unsupervised clustering of individuals based on global gene expression revealed that subjects with enhanced skin barrier repair expression profiles had higher serum vitamin D3 levels (p=0.007), increased arginase expression (p=0.005), and a sustained reduction in skin redness (p=0.02) after treatment, as compared to subjects with enhanced inflammatory gene expression profiles. Conclusions: A single high dose of oral vitamin D is capable of attenuating a local sunburn response to ultraviolet radiation, suggesting that oral vitamin D may be clinically therapeutic for its immunomodulatory properties. These results have broad implications for the role of vitamin D in skin homeostasis, and implicate arginase activation as a novel mechanism by which vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects in humans.

2018-02-16 | GSE86406 | GEO

Vitamin D modulation of innate immune signalling in Dendritic Cells

Project description:Vitamin D is widely reported to inhibit innate immune signalling and dendritic cell (DC) maturation, leading to attenuation of DC mediated T cell activation as a potential immunoregulatory mechanism to guard against autoimmunity and immmunopathology. It is not known whether vitamin D has global or gene specific effects on transcriptional responses downstream of innate immune stimulation. In order to address this question, we used genome-wide transcriptional profiling of monocyte derived DC differentiated in the presence and absence of vitamin D, and then stimulated with and without lipopolysaccharide for four hours.

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Association of Vitamin D with severity and outcome of COVID-19: Clinical and Experimental Evidence

Project description:We investigated the association between endogenous vitamin D and the severity of COVID-19 as well as the mechanisms of action of vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were associated with increased severity and unfavourable outcome after 28 days. Vitamin D levels were negatively associated with biomarkers of COVID-19 severity. Vitamin D supplementation after challenge of mice with COVID-19 plasma led to reduced levels of TNFα, IL-6, IFNγ and MPO in the lung, as well as down-regulation of pro-inflammatory pathways as derived from RNA-seq experiments. Thus, vitamin D demonstrates a protective effect against severity and unfavorable outcome in COVID-19, possibly through attenuation of tissue-specific hyperinflammation.

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Project description:Background: Vitamin D has been observed to affect the expression of a number of genes, however its mechanism of action has not been completely elucidated. MicroRNA molecules have recently been shown to be key mediators of gene regulation. We hypothesised therefore that vitamin D might modulate gene expression by influencing the expression of microRNAs. Methodology/Principal findings: A microRNA array was used to investigate the expression of microRNAs in RNA extracted from cells exposed to calcitriol for 0, 8 or 36 hours. A diverse panel of human cell lines were analysed including Hep-G2, HL60, K562, two fibroblast cell lines (AG09309 and AG09319), and four lymphoblastoid cell lines (GM15084, GM12878, GM07348 and GM07019). When compared between 0, 8 and 36 hours of calcitriol treatment, there were several microRNAs that were differentially regulated but the significance of these was lost after correction for multiple hypothesis testing. Conclusions/Significance: No microRNA showed significantly altered expression after exposure to vitamin D. However, some nominally significant miRNA molecules may warrant further investigation for a potential vitamin D-related role in immune function.

2010-02-02 | GSE20122 | GEO

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Project description:NASC-seq monitors RNA synthesis in single cells

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Combinitorial Approaches to Viral Attenuation

Project description:Attenuated viruses have numerous applications, in particular in the context of live viral vaccines. However, purposefully designing attenuated viruses remains challenging, in particular if the attenuation is meant to be resistant to rapid evolutionary recovery. Here we develop and analyze a new attenuation method, promoter ablation, using an established viral model, bacteriophage T7. Ablating promoters of the two most highly expressed T7 proteins (scaffold and capsid) led to major reductions in transcript abundance of the affected genes, with the effect of the double knockout approximately additive of the effects of single knockouts. Fitness reduction was moderate and also approximately additive; fitness recovery on extended adaptation was partial and did not restore the promoters. The fitness effect of promoter knockouts combined with a previously tested codon deoptimization of the capsid gene was less than additive, as anticipated from their competing mechanisms of action. In one design, the engineering created an unintended consequence that led to further attenuation, the effect of which was studied and understood in hindsight. Overall, the mechanisms and effects of genome engineering on attenuation behaved in a predictable manner. Therefore, this work suggests that the rational design of viral attenuation methods is becoming feasible.

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