Loss-of-function ROX1 mutations suppress the fluconazole susceptibility of upc2A∆ mutation in Candida glabrata, implicating additional positive regulators of ergosterol biosynthesis
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA789874 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR17263150_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17263150_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17263151_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17263151_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17263152_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Two of the major classes of antifungal drugs in clinical use target ergosterol biosynthesis. Despite its importance, our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis genes in pathogenic fungi is essentially limited to the role of hypoxia and sterol-stress induced transcription factors such as Upc2 and Upc2A as well as homologs of Sterol Response Element Binding (SREB) factors. To identify additional regulators of ergosterol biosynthesis in Candida glabrata, an important human fungal pathogen with reduced susceptibility to ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors relative to other Candida spp., we used a serial passaging strategy to isolate suppressors of the fluconazole hypersusceptibility of a upc2A∆ deletion mutant. This led to the identification of loss of function mutants in two genes: ROX1, the homolog of a hypoxia gene transcriptional suppressor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and CST6, a transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of carbon dioxide response in C. glabrata. Here, we describe a detailed analysis of the genetic interaction of ROX1 and UPC2A. In the presence of fluconazole, loss of Rox1 function restores ERG11 expression to the upc2A∆ mutant and inhibits the expression of ERG3 and ERG6, leading to increased levels or ergosterol and decreased levels of the toxic sterol, 14α methyl-ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3β, 6α-diol, relative to upc2A∆. Our observations establish that Rox1 is a negative regulator of ERG gene biosynthesis and indicate that a least one additional positive transcriptional regulator of ERG gene biosynthesis must be present in C. glabrata.
2021-12-20 | GSE191145 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: Compare the fluconazole-induced transcriptome of isogenic wild-type and upc2A null cells. Methods: Prepare total RNA from wild-type and upc2A null cells grown under unstressed conditions or challenged with 50 microgram/ml fluconazole for 6 hours. Use standard RNA-seq to evaluate and compare the transcriptomic changes caused by fluconazole in the presence or absence of UPC2A. Results: These data established that over 100 genes were induced by fluconazole in a UPC2A-dependent manner. However, most fluconazole-induced genes (>500) did not require the presence of UPC2A. Fluconazole-induced genes included the expected genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis but also large number of plasma membrane-localized transporters. Conclusions: These data suggest that Upc2A provided transcriptional co-regulation between membrane transporters and the lipid environment in which these proteins function. A significant portion of the fluconazole-induced transcriptome does not require the presence of Upc2A, suggesting the presence of other transcriptional circuits responsive to this pharmacologic block of ergosterol biosynthesis.
2021-09-23 | GSE182489 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: Determine the number of genes that respond to the presence of a gain-of-function mutant form of the UPC2A transcription factor in Candida glabrata. Methods: Prepare total RNA from wild-type and gain-of-function G898D UPC2A cells. Use standard RNA-seq to evaluate and compare the transcriptomic changes caused by this allele of UPC2A. Results: Although a clear increase was seen in fluconazole resistance conferred by the G898D UPC2A allele, elevated transcription was only observed for 11 genes with 9 of these involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. Conclusions: The presence of the G898D UPC2A allele led to elevated constitutive transcription for genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis.
2021-09-23 | GSE182490 | GEO
Project description:To determine the genomic binding sites for the Candida glabrata transcription factor Upc2A, we utilized three different strains. One was the wild-type KKY2001 which contains a wild-type copy of UPC2A but lacks any HA tag. The other two are both derived from KKY2001 but contain a 3X HA tag immediately after the start codon of UPC2A. These strains are BVGC82 and BVGC84, respectively. Both contain a single copy of a loxP element located 252 bp downstream from the UPC2A stop codon. BVGC82 contains a wild-type copy of the UPC2A gene while BVGC84 contains a mutant form of UPC2A (G898D) that confers elevated resistance to fluconazole. ChIP was performed with anti-HA antibodies in all cases. Strains containing the wild-type UPC2A gene (no HA tag) are referred to as C1 and C2. Strains containing the 3X HA epitope tag at the N-terminus of the wild-type UPC2A gene are referred to as wt1 and wt2. These same strains challenged with fluconazole prior to ChIP are referred to as wtf1 and wtf2. The strain containing the G898D UPC2A allele are referred to as M1 and M2 (no fluconazole challenge) and MF1 and MF2 (with fluconazole challenge.
2021-09-23 | GSE182488 | GEO
Project description:RNA-sequencing analysis of fluconazole-treated wild-type and upc2A null cells [Fluconazole]
| PRJNA756363 | ENA
Project description:Fungal infections are an emerging health risk, especially those involving yeast that are resistant to antifungal agents. To understand the range of mechanisms by which yeasts can respond to anti-fungals, we compared gene expression patterns across three evolutionarily distant species - Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces lactis - over time following fluconazole exposure. Conserved and diverged expression patterns were identified using a novel soft clustering algorithm that concurrently clusters data from all species while incorporating sequence orthology. The analysis suggests complementary strategies for coping with ergosterol depletion by azoles - Saccharomyces imports exogenous ergosterol, Candida exports fluconazole, while Kluyveromyces does neither leading to extreme sensitivity. In support of this hypothesis we find that only Saccharomyces becomes more azole resistant in ergosterol-supplemented media; that this depends on sterol importers Aus1 and Pdr11; and that transgenic expression of sterol importers in Kluyveromyces alleviates its drug sensitivity. We have compared the dynamic transcriptional responses of three diverse yeast species to fluconazole treatment using a novel clustering algorithm. This approach revealed significant divergence among regulatory programs associated with fluconazole sensitivity. In future, such approaches might be used to survey a wider range of species, drug concentrations and stimuli to reveal conserved and divergent molecular response pathways.
2010-07-08 | GSE15710 | GEO
Project description:Two of the major classes of antifungal drugs in clinical use target ergosterol biosynthesis. Despite its importance, our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis genes in pathogenic fungi is essentially limited to the role of hypoxia and sterol-stress-induced transcription factors such as Upc2 and Upc2A as well as homologs of sterol response element binding (SREB) factors. To identify additional regulators of ergosterol biosynthesis in Candida glabrata, an important human fungal pathogen with reduced susceptibility to ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors relative to other Candida spp., we used a serial passaging strategy to isolate suppressors of the fluconazole hypersusceptibility of a upc2AΔ deletion mutant. This led to the identification of loss-of-function mutations in two genes: ROX1, the homolog of a hypoxia gene transcriptional suppressor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and CST6, a transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of carbon dioxide response in C. glabrata. Here, we describe a detailed analysis of the genetic interaction of ROX1 and UPC2A. In the presence of fluconazole, loss of Rox1 function restores ERG11 expression to the upc2AΔ mutant and inhibits the expression of ERG3 and ERG6, leading to increased levels of ergosterol and decreased levels of the toxic sterol 14α methyl-ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3β, 6α-diol, relative to the upc2AΔ mutant. Our observations establish that Rox1 is a negative regulator of ERG gene biosynthesis and indicate that a least one additional positive transcriptional regulator of ERG gene biosynthesis must be present in C. glabrata. IMPORTANCE Candida glabrata is one of the most important human fungal pathogens and has reduced susceptibility to azole-class inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis. Although ergosterol is the target of two of the three classes of antifungal drugs, relatively little is known about the regulation of this critical cellular pathway. Sterols are both essential components of the eukaryotic plasma membrane and potential toxins; therefore, sterol homeostasis is critical for cell function. Here, we identified two new negative regulators in C. glabrata of ergosterol (ERG) biosynthesis gene expression. Our results also indicate that in addition to Upc2A, the only known activator of ERG genes, additional positive regulators of this pathway must exist.
| S-EPMC8694151 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study we used a transcriptomic approach to study the molecular determinants of the synergy between copper and fluconazole, in Candida glabrata, the second most frequent cause of invasive candidiasis. We demonstrate that copper acts together with fluconazole by downregulating three distinct pathways: azole efflux, ergosterol biosynthesis and zinc homeostasis. Coincidently, all these pathways are important for C. glabrata to cope with fluconazole stress. Therefore, when copper and fluconazole are combined cells fail to detoxify this drug and accumulate toxic methylated intermediates of sterol metabolism. This accumulation, possibly together with copper-induced lipid damages, should affect the activity of plasma membrane transporters, which impedes zinc uptake, leading to zinc depletion
2022-06-01 | GSE162741 | GEO
Project description:Fungal infections are an emerging health risk, especially those involving yeast that are resistant to antifungal agents. To understand the range of mechanisms by which yeasts can respond to anti-fungals, we compared gene expression patterns across three evolutionarily distant species - Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces lactis - over time following fluconazole exposure. Conserved and diverged expression patterns were identified using a novel soft clustering algorithm that concurrently clusters data from all species while incorporating sequence orthology. The analysis suggests complementary strategies for coping with ergosterol depletion by azoles - Saccharomyces imports exogenous ergosterol, Candida exports fluconazole, while Kluyveromyces does neither leading to extreme sensitivity. In support of this hypothesis we find that only Saccharomyces becomes more azole resistant in ergosterol-supplemented media; that this depends on sterol importers Aus1 and Pdr11; and that transgenic expression of sterol importers in Kluyveromyces alleviates its drug sensitivity. We have compared the dynamic transcriptional responses of three diverse yeast species to fluconazole treatment using a novel clustering algorithm. This approach revealed significant divergence among regulatory programs associated with fluconazole sensitivity. In future, such approaches might be used to survey a wider range of species, drug concentrations and stimuli to reveal conserved and divergent molecular response pathways. There are three yeast species being studied. Each species has three biological replicates. Each biological replicate has 6 time points (0,1/3,2/3,1,2,4). These time points are combined in equal proportions to form a species and replicate specific “Reference Pool”. Each time point (except time 0) is compared against the Reference Pool. We also perform dye-swapped technical replicates for each biological replicate.
2010-07-08 | E-GEOD-15710 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In this study we performed a whole-transcriptome analysis of C. glabrata biofilm cells exposed to different environmental conditions and constraints in order to identify the molecular pathways involved in fluconazole resistance and understand how acidic pH niches, associated with the presence of acetic acid, are able to modulate these responses.
2019-01-01 | GSE121074 | GEO