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Molecular features driving cellular and regulatory complexity of human brain evolution [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Molecular features driving cellular and regulatory complexity of human brain evolution [RNA-seq]

PROVIDER: PRJNA793060 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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Molecular features driving cellular and regulatory complexity of human brain evolution

Project description:Molecular features driving cellular and regulatory complexity of human brain evolution

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Molecular features driving cellular and regulatory complexity of human brain evolution [ATAC-seq]

Project description:Molecular features driving cellular and regulatory complexity of human brain evolution [ATAC-seq]

| PRJNA793061 | ENA

Molecular features driving cellular and regulatory complexity of human brain evolution [RNA-seq]

Project description:Genomic changes acquired in human evolution contribute to the unique abilities of human brain. However, characterizing the molecular underpinnings of human-specific traits is a multifaceted challenge due to the cellular heterogeneity of human brain and complex regulation of gene expression. Here, we performed single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) and single-nuclei ATAC-seq (snATAC-seq) in human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque brain tissue (brodmann area 23, posterior cingulate cortex). Human-specific changes were distinct among neuronal subtypes indicating that human brain evolution was accompanied by molecular alterations in finer cellular resolution. We also observed more human-specific alterations in epigenome compared to transcriptome. Interestingly, human-specific accessibility changes in neurons were not as concordant with gene expression changes in comparison to other species, partially explaining this discrepancy. These cis-regulatory elements were enriched for immediate early gene motifs, identifying accelerated evolution of activity regulated genes in humans. We also uncovered associations between human evolution and brain disease genes at the cell type level. Together, these results reveal multiple mechanisms for human brain evolution at cell type resolution and establish the first direct evidence for accelerated human-specificity of activity-dependent molecular changes.

2023-04-26 | GSE192773 | GEO

Molecular features driving cellular and regulatory complexity of human brain evolution [ATAC-seq]

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Molecular features driving cellular and regulatory complexity of human brain evolution

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2023-04-26 | GSE192774 | GEO

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Project description:The proteome of human brain synapses is highly complex and mutated in over 130 diseases. This complexity arose from two whole genome duplications early in the vertebrate lineage. Zebrafish are used in modelling human diseases, however its synapse proteome is uncharacterised and whether the teleost-specific genome duplication (TSGD) influenced complexity is unknown. We report the first characterisation of the proteomes and ultrastructure of central synapses in zebrafish and analyse the importance of the TSGD. The TSGD increased overall synapse proteome complexity. The Post Synaptic Density (PSD) proteome of zebrafish had lower complexity than mammals and a highly conserved set of ~1000 proteins is shared across vertebrates. PSD ultrastructural features were also conserved. Lineage-specific proteome differences indicate vertebrate species evolved distinct synapse types and functions. The datasets are a resource for a wide range of studies and have important implications for the use of zebrafish in modelling human synaptic diseases.

2017-03-06 | PXD005630 | Pride

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