Death and birth of transposable elements underlie subgenome convergent and divergent transcription in common wheat
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PROVIDER: PRJNA793259 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Common wheat (T. aestivum) converged three subgenomes adapted to different environments. The combinatorial interaction between transcription factors (TFs) and regulatory elements (REs) defines a regulatory circuit that underlies subgenome convergence and divergence. Compared to the relatively conserved gene composition across subgenomes, the intergenic regions with abundant REs is drastically diversified by almost complete TE turnovers, raising major questions regarding how subgenome convergent and divergent regulation is encoded in the highly diversified intergenic regions, and the impact of TE evolution on regulatory conservation and innovation. In the present study, we created genome-wide TF binding catalog to assemble an extensive wheat regulatory network comprising connections among 182 TFs. The different effects of ancient and recent TE insertions on regulatory specificity were observed. Subgenome asymmetric TE expansion is an important source of subgenome divergent TFBS, which help explain the vast occupancy difference across subgenomes. Interestingly, the ancient expansion of RLC_famc1.4-derived TFBS occurred in more than 25% triads promoters. A significant fraction of these TE-derived TFBS subjected to region-specific evolutionary selections, resulting in subgenome-balanced TF binding but unbalanced degeneration of flanking TE sequences. These TE-derived subgenome convergent and divergent regulation linked to subgenome conserved and diversified pathways, suggesting that TEs are an important regulatory driving force contributed to polyploid evolution. Overall, this study demonstrated the impact of TEs on shaping the plasticity and adaptation of common wheat, enriched the theories of TE-promoted transcriptional innovation from the evolutionary aspects of polyploid regulation since first reported by McClintock.
2022-10-08 | GSE192815 | GEO
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10212925 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Transcription start site (TSS) is the hub integrating regulatory input from promoters and enhancers. Common wheat converged three subgenomes adapted to different environment and established as a major crop worldwide. Detection of more precise and new TSS of both genes and enhancers in common wheat is the basis in interpreting transcriptional regulatory networks as well as the subgenome divergent regulation in their entirety.
2023-10-12 | GSE198284 | GEO
Project description:Subgenome-specific usage of transposable element-derived promoters and enhancers in bread wheat development
| PRJNA814385 | ENA
Project description:The importance and applications of polyploidy have long been recognized, from shaping the evolutionary success of flowering plants to improving agricultural productivity. Recent studies have shown that one of the parental subgenomes in ancient polyploids is generally more dominant - having both retained more genes and being more highly expressed - a phenomenon termed subgenome dominance. How quickly one subgenome dominates within a newly formed polyploid, if immediate or after millions of years, and the genomic features that determine which genome dominates remain poorly understood. To investigate the rate of subgenome dominance emergence, we examined gene expression, gene methylation, and transposable element (TE) methylation in a natural less than 140 year old allopolyploid (Mimulus peregrinus), a resynthesized interspecies triploid hybrid (M. robertsii), a resynthesized allopolyploid (M. peregrinus), and diploid progenitors (M. guttatus and M. luteus). We show that subgenome expression dominance occurs instantly following the hybridization of two divergent genomes and that subgenome expression dominance significantly increases over generations. Additionally, CHH methylation levels are significantly reduced in regions near genes and within transposons in the first generation hybrid, intermediate in the resynthesized allopolyploid, and are repatterned differently between the dominant and submissive subgenomes in the natural allopolyploid. Our analyses reveal that the subgenome differences in levels of TE methylation mirror the increase in expression bias observed over the generations following the hybridization. These findings not only provide important insights into genomic and epigenomic shock that occurs following hybridization and polyploid events, but may also contribute to uncovering the mechanistic basis of heterosis and subgenomic dominance.
2018-05-23 | GSE95799 | GEO
Project description:Polyploidization and introgression are major events driving plant genome evolution and influencing crop breeding. However, the mechanisms underlying the higher-order chromatin organization of subgenomes and alien chromosomes are largely unknown. We probe the three-dimensional chromatin architecture of Aikang 58 (AK58), a widely-cultivated allohexaploid wheat variety carrying the 1RS/1BL translocation chromosome. The regions involved in inter-chromosomal interactions, both within and between subgenomes, have highly similar sequences. Subgenome-specific territories tend to be connected by subgenome-dominant homologous transposable elements (TEs). The alien 1RS chromosomal arm, which was introgressed from rye and differs from its wheat counterpart, has relatively few inter-chromosome interactions with wheat chromosomes. An analysis of local chromatin structures reveals topologically associating domain (TAD)-like regions covering 52% of the AK58 genome, the boundaries of which are enriched with active genes, zinc-finger factor-binding motifs, CHH methylation, and 24-nt small RNAs. The chromatin loops are mostly localized around TAD boundaries, and the number of gene loops is positively associated with gene activity. The present study reveals the impact of the genetic sequence context on the higher-order chromatin structure and subgenome stability in hexaploid wheat. Specifically, we characterized the sequence homology-mediated inter-chromosome interactions and the non-canonical role of subgenome-biased TEs. Our findings may have profound implications for future investigations of the interplay between genetic sequences and higher-order structures and their consequences on polyploid genome evolution and introgression-based breeding of crop plants.
2020-11-30 | GSE139020 | GEO
Project description:High plasticity of common wheat is attributed to the captured and polyploidization-promoted diversity. However, uncontrolled subgenome diversification can lead to hybrid conflict and dysgenesis, resulting in decreased diversity. How genomic diversity is maintained and interpreted to increase plasticity is unclear. By data-mining from the binding of 193 genome-wide trans-factors and genetic perturbations in common wheat, we identified LHP1 as a major regulator of subgenome-diversified defense genes, enhancer RNAs, and metabolite synthesis-related gene clusters via H3K27me3. Stripe rust infection leads to a global decrease in LHP1-mediated H3K27me3, deprivation of which enhances common wheat stripe rust resistance. We also revealed the consistency between subgenome diversity and population diversity, potentially promoted by LHP1, implying the recent diversification preferentially occurred in the captured subgenome-diversified regions regulated by LHP1. Thus, common wheat benefitted from multi-faced role of LHP1 in promoting sequence diversity and repressing subgenome-diversified defenses; this constraint is eliminated by pathogen infections, enabling timely release and fixation of favorable variations, conferring the evolutionary advantage and high plasticity of common wheat.
2023-10-12 | GSE218538 | GEO
Project description:Wheat (Triticum aestivum) has a large allohexaploid genome. Subgenome-divergent regulation contributed to genome plasticity and the domestication of polyploid wheat. However, the specificity encoded in the wheat genome determining subgenome-divergent spatio-temporal regulation has been largely unexplored. The considerable size and complexity of the genome are major obstacles to dissecting the regulatory specificity. Here, we compared the epigenomes and transcriptomes from a large set of samples under diverse developmental and environmental conditions. Thousands of distal epigenetic regulatory elements (distal-epiREs) were specifically linked to their target promoters with coordinated epigenomic changes. We revealed that subgenome-divergent activity of homologous regulatory elements are affected by specific epigenetic signatures. Subgenome-divergent epiRE regulation of tissue specificity is associated with dynamic modulation of H3K27me3 mediated by Polycomb complex and demethylases. Furthermore, quantitative epigenomic approaches detected key stress responsive cis- and trans-acting factors validated by DNA Affinity Purification and sequencing (DAP-seq), and demonstrated the coordinated interplay between epiRE sequence contexts, epigenetic factors, and transcription factors in regulating subgenome divergent transcriptional responses to external changes. Thus, this study provides a wealth of resources for elucidating the epiRE regulomics and subgenome-divergent regulation in hexaploid wheat, and gives new clues for interpreting genetic and epigenetic interplay in regulating the benefits of polyploid wheat.
2021-02-04 | GSE139019 | GEO
Project description:RNA splicing factor mutations constitute the most common class of alterations in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). These occur as heterozygous mutations at restricted residues in SF3B1, SRSF2, and U2AF1 in a mutually exclusive manner. The mutual exclusivity of spliceosomal mutations suggests synthetic lethal and/or convergent biological effects of these mutations; however, there is currently no functional evidence supporting either of these possibilities. Here we report that spliceosomal mutations, despite imparting distinct alterations on gene expression and splicing, are negatively selected for when co-expressed in the same cell or in a homozygous state. Co-expression of these mutations results in additive, rather than synergistic, effects on RNA splicing mechanisms. Despite disparate global effects on splicing, aberrant splicing of distinct kinases by mutant SF3B1 and SRSF2 results in hyperactivated NF-κB signaling. These data identify convergent biological consequences of splicing factor mutations and the functional basis for the mutual exclusivity and heterozygous nature of these mutations.
2018-08-13 | GSE97452 | GEO
Project description:Background: The small RNAs that Transposable Elements generate are vastly different when they are transcriptionally silenced compared to when they are transcriptionally activated. We performed the deep sequencing of small RNAs in a number of small RNA biogenesis mutants in both Transposable Element-silenced and Transposable Element-active epigenome backgrounds. Results: We found that Transposable Elements generate large amounts of 21-22nt siRNAs only when they are transcriptionally active. These 21-22nt siRNAs are incorporated into the AGO6 protein. Conclusion: Ago6 is the key protein that bridges the post-transcriptional degradation of Transposable Element mRNAs and the establishment of DNA methylation. Examination of flower bud small RNAs from wild type and 5 single or double mutant combinations, many of which have biological replicates. In addition, IP purification of the AGO6 protein (and mock no-antigen controls) followed by sequencing of the incorporated small RNAs. Replicate A for Col and ddm1 are submitted in GSE41755
2014-11-14 | E-GEOD-57191 | biostudies-arrayexpress