Induced endothelial cell integrated liver assembloids promotes hepatic maturation and therapeutic effect on cholestatic liver fibrosis
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA797674 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Transplantation of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) derived liver organoids have been studied to solve the donor shortage. However, differentiation of unintended cell populations, challenges in generating multi-lineage organoids, and tumorigenicity hinder its uses in clinics. Here, liver assembloids (iHEA) were generated by integrating induced endothelial cells (iEC) and induced hepatic stem cells (iHepSC). iHEA showed enhanced functional maturity iHepSCs derived liver organoids (iHLO) in vitro and had improved therapeutic effects on cholestatic liver fibrosis animals in vivo. Mechanistically, FN1 expressed from iECs led to up-regulation of Itgalph5/beta1 and Hnf4alpha in iHEA and were correlated to decrease of hepatic stellate cells activation genes such as Lox, and Spp1 in the cholestatic liver fibrosis animals. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that directly converted cells can be a promising source for generating transplantable assembloids. This study is designed to generate liver organoids (iHLO) and liver assembloids (iHEA) using induced stem cells generated by direct conversion. Hepatic maturity of iHLO and iHEA were compared by measuring gene expression, albumin/urea secretion and CYP1A2 activity. The experiments were repeated at least three times, and the replicates are indicated in each figure and legend. N values represent the number of animals in the experiment. All animal experimental procedures were approved and conducted under a protocol (UNISTIACUC-20-49) by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST, Ulsan, South Korea). The experiments were carried out in accordance with documented standards of the Institutional Review Board of Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) (UNISTIRB-15–17 C) for human cell experiments.
2022-08-03 | GSE193768 | GEO
Project description:The transplantation of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived liver organoids has been studied to solve the current donor shortage. However, the differentiation of unintended cell populations, difficulty in generating multi-lineage organoids, and tumorigenicity of PSC-derived organoids are challenges. However, direct conversion technology has allowed for the generation lineage-restricted induced stem cells from somatic cells bypassing the pluripotent state, thereby eliminating tumorigenic risks. Here, liver assembloids (iHEAs) were generated by integrating induced endothelial cells (iECs) into the liver organoids (iHLOs) generated with induced hepatic stem cells (iHepSCs). Liver assembloids showed enhanced functional maturity compared to iHLOs in vitro and improved therapeutic effects on cholestatic liver fibrosis animals in vivo. Mechanistically, FN1 expressed from iECs led to the upregulation of Itgα5/β1 and Hnf4α in iHEAs and were correlated to the decreased expression of genes related to hepatic stellate cell activation such as Lox and Spp1 in the cholestatic liver fibrosis animals. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the possibility of generating transplantable iHEAs with directly converted cells, and our results evidence that integrating iECs allows iHEAs to have enhanced hepatic maturation compared to iHLOs.
| S-EPMC9317515 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cholestasis is characterized by hepatic accumulation of cytotoxic bile acids (BAs), which often subsequentlyleads to liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately liver cirrhosis. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a liver secreted hormone with pleiotropic effects on the homeostasis of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism. However, whether hepatic FGF21 plays a role in cholestatic liver injury remains elusive. We found that serum and hepatic FGF21 levels were significantly increased in response to cholestatic liver injury. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Fgf21 exacerbated hepatic accumulation of BAs, further accentuating liver injury. Consistently, administration of rFGF21 ameliorated cholestatic liver injury in α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-treated and Mdr2 deficiency mice. Mechanically, FGF21 activated a hepatic FGFR4-JNK signaling pathway to decrease Cyp7a1 expression, thereby reducing hepatic BAs pool. Our study demonstrates that hepatic FGF21 functions as an adaptive stress-responsive signal to downregulate BA biosynthesis, thereby ameliorating cholestatic liver injury, and FGF21 analogs may represent a candidate therapy for cholestatic liver diseases.
2023-08-19 | GSE240733 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: Cholestatic liver injury is associated with intrahepatic biliary fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis. Resident hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) expressing Prominin-1 (Prom1/CD133) become activated and participate in the expansion of cholangiocytes known as the ductular reaction. Previously, we demonstrated that in biliary atresia, Prom1(+) HPCs are present within developing fibrosis and that null mutation of Prom1 significantly abrogates fibrogenesis. Here, we hypothesized that these activated Prom1-expressing HPCs promote fibrogenesis in cholestatic liver injury. Methods: Using Prom1CreERT2-nLacZ/+;Rosa26Lsl-GFP/+ mice, we traced the fate of Prom1-expressing HPCs in the growth of the neonatal and adult livers and in biliary fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Results: Prom1-expressing cell lineage labeling with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) on postnatal day 1 exhibited an expanded population as well as bipotent differentiation potential towards both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes at postnatal day 35. However, in the adult liver, they lost hepatocyte differentiation potential. Upon cholestatic liver injury, adult Prom1-expressing HPCs gave rise to both PROM1(+) and PROM1(-) cholangiocytes contributing to ductular reaction without hepatocyte or myofibroblast differentiation. RNA-sequencing analysis of GFP(+) Prom1-expressing HPC lineage revealed a persistent cholangiocyte phenotype and evidence of Transforming Growth Factor-b pathway activation. Conclusion: Our data indicate that Prom1-expressing HPCs promote biliary fibrosis by activation of myofibroblasts in cholestatic liver injury.
2020-06-30 | GSE144726 | GEO
Project description:Ductular reactive (DR) cells exacerbate cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis. In this study we posited that tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) emanating from recruited macrophages restrains DR cell expansion by apoptosis, thereby limiting cholestatic liver injury. Cholestatic liver injury was induced in Wild type (WT), Trailfl/fl and in myeloid-specific Trail deleted (TrailΔmye) C57BL/6 mice using the DDC diet. The DDC diet induced injury and hepatomegaly. However, parameters of liver injury, fibrosis, ductular reaction and inflammation were all increased in the TrailΔmye mice as compared to the WT and Trailfl/fl mice. To better resolve the gene expression profile of cholangiocytes that may promote the recruitment of myeloid cells into the periportal neighborhood, we performed spatial transcriptomics on FPPE liver tissue sections from WT and TrailΔmye mice that were fed the control or DDC diet using the NanoString GeoMx DSP platform (Cat. No. 121401103, GeoMx NGS RNA WTA Mm).
2024-01-31 | GSE239667 | GEO
Project description:Bile acid accumulation and subsequent liver damage is a frequent adverse effect induced by drugs. Considerable efforts have therefore been focused on the introduction and characterization of tools that allow reliable prediction of this type of drug-induced liver injury. Among those are the cholestatic index and transcriptomic profiling, which are typically assessed in in vitro settings. The present study was set up to test the applicability of both tools to non-pharmaceutical compounds with cholestatic potential, including the industrial compound bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, the cosmetic ingredients triclosan and octynoic acid, the herbicides paraquat and quizalofop-para-ethyl, and the food additives sunset yellow and tartrazine, in a human hepatoma cell culture model of cholestatic liver injury. The cholestatic index method showed cholestatic liability of sunset yellow, tartrazine and triclosan. Of those, tartrazine induced transcriptional changes reminiscent of the transcriptional profile of cholestatic drugs. Furthermore, a number of genes were found to be uniquely modulated by tartrazine, in accordance with the cholestatic drugs atazanavir, cyclosporin A and nefazodone, which may have potential as novel transcriptomic biomarkers of chemical-induced cholestatic liver injury. In conclusion, unambiguous identification of the non-pharmaceutical compounds tested in this study as inducers of cholestasis could not be achieved.
2021-03-18 | GSE169072 | GEO
Project description:We used microarrays to provide a transcriptomic signature of different types of cholestasis evoked by 3 different drugs and obstructive surgery Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have been recently introduced as tools to map the mechanisms underlying toxic events relevant for chemical risk assessment. AOPs particularly depict the linkage between a molecular initiating event and an adverse outcome through a number of intermediate key events. An AOP has been previously introduced for cholestatic liver injury. The objective of this study was to test the robustness of this AOP for different types of cholestatic insult and the in vitro to in vivo extrapolation. For this purpose, in vitro samples from human hepatoma HepaRG cell cultures were exposed to cholestatic drugs (i.e. intrahepatic cholestasis), while in vivo samples were obtained from livers of cholestatic mice (i.e. extrahepatic cholestasis). The occurrence of cholestasis in vitro was confirmed through analysis of bile transporter functionality and bile acid analysis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed inflammation and oxidative stress as key events in both types of cholestatic liver injury. Major transcriptional differences between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestatic liver insults were observed at the level of cell death and metabolism. Novel key events identified by pathway analysis included endoplasmic reticulum stress in intrahepatic cholestasis, and autophagy and necroptosis in both intrahepatic as extrahepatic cholestasis. This study demonstrates that AOPs constitute dynamic tools that should be frequently updated with new input information.
2020-06-16 | GSE152494 | GEO
Project description:Cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by excessive accumulation of bile acids in the liver. The involvement of local tissue microenvironment in cholestatic diseases remains poorly understood. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of liver single-cell transcriptomic study of human cholestatic liver diseases. Our study involved 9 liver samples obtained from 7 patients diagnosed with hepatatrophia resulting from cholestasis. By utilizing single-cell data, we gained valuable insights into the specific functions of endothelial cells (EC) in response to chenodeoxycholic acid during cholestasis. The findings from our study hold the potential to lay the groundwork for personalized therapeutic approaches in the future, tailored to the individual needs of patients.
2023-07-22 | GSE237622 | GEO
Project description:Nrf2 antioxidant signaling is involved in liver protection, but this generalization overlooks conflicting studies indicating that Nrf2 effects are not necessarily hepatoprotective. The role of Nrf2/HO-1 in cholestatic liver injury (CLI) remains poorly defined. Here, we report that Nrf2/HO-1 activation exacerbates liver injury rather than exerts a protective effect in CLI. Inhibiting HO-1 or ameliorating bilirubin transport alleviates liver injury in CLI models. Nrf2 knockout confers hepatoprotection in CLI mice, whereas in non-CLI mice, Nrf2 knockout aggravates liver damage. In the CLI setting, oxidative stress activates Nrf2/HO-1, leads to bilirubin accumulation, and impairs mitochondrial function. High levels of bilirubin reciprocally upregulate the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1, while antioxidant and mitochondria-targeted SOD2 overexpression attenuate the toxicity of bilirubin. Additionally, the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 is significantly elevated in serum of patients with CLI. These results reveal an unrecognized function of Nrf2 signaling in exacerbating liver injury in cholestatic disease.
2024-04-08 | GSE263093 | GEO
Project description:Background/Aims: Cholestatic liver diseases (CLD) are the leading indication for pediatric liver transplantation. Increased intrahepatic bile acid concentrations cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to maintain homeostasis. UPR dysregulation, including the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/X-box protein 1 (IRE1α/XBP1) pathway, is associated with several adult liver diseases. We evaluated hepatic UPR expression in pediatric patients with end-stage CLD and hypothesize that an inability to appropriately activate the hepatic IRE1α/XBP1 pathway is associated with the pathogenesis of CLD. Methods: We evaluated 34 human liver explants. Cohorts included: pediatric CLD (Alagille, ALGS, and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, PFIC), pediatric non-cholestatic liver disease controls (autoimmune hepatitis, AIH), adult CLD, and normal controls. We performed RNA-seq, quantitative PCR, and western blotting to measure expression differences of the hepatic UPR and other signaling pathways. Results: Metascape pathway analysis demonstrated that the KEGG ‘protein processing in ER’ pathway was downregulated in pediatric CLD compared to normal controls. Pediatric CLD had decreased hepatic IRE1α/XBP1 pathway gene expression and decreased protein expression of p-IRE1α compared to normal controls. These CLD changes were not disease-specific to ALGS or PFIC. IRE1α/XBP1 pathway gene expression was decreased in pediatric CLD compared to AIH disease controls. Conclusion: Pediatric CLD explants have decreased gene and protein expression of the protective IRE1α/XBP1 pathway and down-regulated KEGG protein processing in the ER pathways. IRE1α/XBP1 pathway expression differences occur when compared to both normal and non-cholestatic disease controls. Attenuated expression of the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway is associated with cholestatic diseases and could be targeted to treat pediatric CLD.
2022-06-23 | GSE206364 | GEO