Prevalent aberrant condensates of onco-fusion transcription factors and their dissolution as potential cancer therapy
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA800384 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR17735915_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17735915_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17735916_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17735916_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17735917_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Cancer-associated chromosomal rearrangements can result in the expression of numerous pathogenic fusion proteins. The mechanisms via which the fusion proteins contribute to oncogenesis are largely unknown and effective therapies for fusion-associated cancers are lacking. Here, we comprehensively scrutinized fusion proteins found in various cancers. We found that many fusion proteins are composed of phase separation-prone domains (PS) and DNA-binding domains (DBD), and these fusions have strong correlation with aberrant gene expression patterns. Furthermore, we established a high-throughput screening method, named DropScan, to screen drugs capable of modulating aberrant condensates. One of the drugs identified via DropScan, LY2835219, effectively dissolved the condensates in reporter cells lines expressing Ewing sarcoma fusions and partially rescued the abnormal expression of target genes. Our results indicate that aberrant phase separation is likely a common mechanism for these PS-DBD fusion-related cancers, and suggest that modulating aberrant phase separation is a potential route to treat these diseases.
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Project description:Dissolution of RNA condensates by the embryonic stem cell protein L1TD1
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Project description:L1TD1 is a cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein that is specifically expressed in pluripotent stem cells and, unlike its mouse paralogue, is essential for the maintenance of stemness in human cells. Although L1TD1 is the only known domesticated gene from a LINE-1 (L1) retroelement, the functional legacy from its ancestral protein, ORF1p of L1, and the novelty are so far unknown. Here, we determined RNAs associated with L1TD1 and found that, like ORF1p, L1TD1 binds L1 RNAs, localizes to high-density ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensates, and increases L1 retrotransposition. Unexpectedly, L1TD1 enhanced the translation of a subset of mRNAs enriched in the condensates. In HeLa cells, ectopically expressed L1TD1 facilitated the dissolution of stress granules and granules formed by pathological mutations of TDP-43 and FUS. The glutamate-rich domain and the ORF1-homology domain facilitated dispersal of the RNPs and induced autophagy, respectively. These results provide insights into how L1TD1 regulates gene expression in pluripotent stem cells. We propose that the ability of L1TD1 to dissolve stress granules may provide novel opportunities for treatments of neurodegenerative diseases caused by disturbed stress granule dynamics.
2023-04-26 | GSE227854 | GEO
Project description:L1TD1 is a cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein that is specifically expressed in pluripotent stem cells and, unlike its mouse paralogue, is essential for the maintenance of stemness in human cells. Although L1TD1 is the only known domesticated gene from a LINE-1 (L1) retroelement, the functional legacy from its ancestral protein, ORF1p of L1, and the novelty are so far unknown. Here, we determined RNAs associated with L1TD1 and found that, like ORF1p, L1TD1 binds L1 RNAs, localizes to high-density ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensates, and increases L1 retrotransposition. Unexpectedly, L1TD1 enhanced the translation of a subset of mRNAs enriched in the condensates. In HeLa cells, ectopically expressed L1TD1 facilitated the dissolution of stress granules and granules formed by pathological mutations of TDP-43 and FUS. The glutamate-rich domain and the ORF1-homology domain facilitated dispersal of the RNPs and induced autophagy, respectively. These results provide insights into how L1TD1 regulates gene expression in pluripotent stem cells. We propose that the ability of L1TD1 to dissolve stress granules may provide novel opportunities for treatments of neurodegenerative diseases caused by disturbed stress granule dynamics.
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Project description:Dissolution of RNA condensates by the embryonic stem cell protein L1TD1 [RNA-seq]
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Project description:Dissolution of RNA condensates by the embryonic stem cell protein L1TD1 [CLIP-seq]
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Project description:Nine cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs) were produced under a standard ISO smoking machine regimen and one was produced by a more intense smoking machine regimen. These CSCs were used to treat primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells for 18 hours. Experiment Overall Design: Primary human bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells were grown in culture and treated with 10 different sources of cigarette smoke condensates.
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Project description:Phase separation of biomolecules into condensates is a key mechanism in the spatiotemporal organization of biochemical processes in cells. We systematically engineered light-inducible transcription factor condensates with different material properties and analyzed their influence on transcription activation. When transcription factor condensates were transformed into solid-like gels, we observed a reduced activation of gene expression. We wanted to evaluate the impact that the condensate formation of the transcription factor RelA had on its endogenous promoters using expression data. To this aim, HEK-293T cells were transfected either with empty vector (1-3) or eGFP-RelA (4-6) or eGFP-RelA, Cry2olig-mCh-FUSN-NLS-NbGFP and Cry2olig-mCh-FUSN-NLS, along with an NF-κB-responsive SEAP reporter (7-9). In each of the three groups of transfected cells, 8 h after transfection, 3 samples were kept in the dark (D) and 3 under blue light illumination (BL, 5 μmol m-² s-1) for 24 h prior to RNA extraction. RNA-seq libraries from the 18 samples were sequenced by BGI on a DNBSEQ platform using paired-end chemistry with a read length of 100 base pairs each. Each strand was sequenced across two separate lanes (L03, L04), generating a total of 4 FASTQ files per sample.
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Project description:Like tobacco smoking, habitual marijuana smoking causes numerous adverse pulmonary effects. However, the mechanisms of action involved, especially as compared to tobacco smoke, are still unclear. To uncover putative modes of action, this study employed a toxicogenomics approach to compare the toxicological pathways perturbed following exposure to marijuana and tobacco smoke condensate in vitro. Condensates of mainstream smoke from hand-rolled tobacco and marijuana cigarettes were similarly prepared using identical smoking conditions. Murine lung epithelial cells were exposed to low, medium and high concentrations of the smoke condensates for 6 hr. RNA was extracted immediately or after a 4-hr recovery period and hybridized to mouse whole genome microarrays. Tobacco smoke condensate (TSC) exposure was associated with changes in xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage response. These same pathways were also significantly affected following marijuana smoke condensate (MSC) exposure. Although the effects of the condensates were largely similar, dose-response analysis indicates that the MSC is substantially more potent than TSC. In addition, steroid biosynthesis, apoptosis, and inflammation pathways were more significantly affected following MSC exposure, whereas m-phase cell cycle pathways were more significantly affected following TSC exposure. MSC exposure also appeared to elicit more severe oxidative stress than TSC exposure, which may account for the greater cytotoxicity of MSC. This study shows that in general, MSC impacts many of the same molecular processes as TSC. However, subtle pathway differences can provide insight into the differential toxicities of the two complex mixtures. Murine epithelial lung cells were exposed to tobacco smoke condensates (0, 25, 50, 90 μg/ml) or marijuana smoke condensates (0, 2.5, 5, 10 μg/ml) in serum-free medium for a six hour period. Following the six-hour exposure, cells were either harvested immediately or washed with phosphate-buffered saline and incubated in fresh serum-free medium for a four hour recovery period. Total RNA was extracted from the cells and hybridized against Universal Mouse Reference RNA (Agilent Technologies Canada, Inc.) to Agilent whole mouse genome microarray slides containing 44,000 transcripts. A LOWESS normalization was applied to expression results, and statistically significant genes were identified using the R library MAANOVA. Microarray results were validated by real time RT-PCR.
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Project description:Acquisition of new stem cell fates relies on the dissolution of the prior regulatory network sustaining the existing cell fates. Currently, extensive insights have been revealed for the totipotency regulatory network around the zygotic genome activation (ZGA) period. However, how the dissolution of the totipotency network is triggered to ensure the timely embryonic development following ZGA is largely unknown. In this study, we identified the unexpected role of a highly expressed 2C embryo specific transcription factor, ZFP352, in facilitating the dissolution of the totipotency network. We found that ZFP352 has bifurcated binding and regulation towards two different retrotransposon sub-families. ZFP352 coordinates with DUX to bind and regulate the 2C specific MT2_Mm sub-family. On the other hand, without DUX, ZFP352 switched affinity to bind extensively onto SINE_B1/Alu sub-family. This leads to the activation of later developmental programs like ubiquitination pathways, to facilitate the dissolution of the 2C state. Correspondingly, depleting ZFP352 in mouse embryos impaired the 2C to morula transition process. Thus, through differential regulation of MT2_Mm and SINE_B1/Alu, ZFP352 can trigger spontaneous dissolution of the totipotency network. Our study highlights the importance of different retrotransposons sub-families in facilitating the timely and programmed cell fates transition during early embryogenesis.
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