Analysis of queuosine and 2-thio tRNA modifications by high throughput sequencing
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA802910 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR17867600_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17867600_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17867601_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17867601_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR17867602_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Queuosine (Q) is a conserved tRNA modification at the wobble anticodon position of tRNAs that read the codons of amino acids Tyr, His, Asn, and Asp. Q-modification in tRNA plays important roles in the regulation of translation efficiency and fidelity. Queuosine tRNA modification is synthesized de novo in bacteria, whereas the substrate for Q-modification in tRNA in mammals is queuine, the catabolic product of the Q-base of gut bacteria. This gut microbiome dependent tRNA modification may play pivotal roles in translational regulation in different cellular contexts, but extensive studies of Q-modification biology are hindered by the lack of high throughput sequencing methods for its detection and quantitation. Here, we describe a periodate-treatment method of biological RNA samples that enables single base resolution profiling of Q-modification in tRNAs by Nextgen sequencing. Periodate oxidizes the Q-base, which results in specific deletion signatures in the RNA-seq data. Unexpectedly, we found that periodate-treatment also enables the detection of several 2-thio-modifications including τm5s2U, mcm5s2U, cmnm5s2U, and s2C by sequencing in human and E. coli tRNA. We term this method Periodate-dependent analysis of queuosine and thio modification sequencing (PAQS-seq). We assess Q- and 2-thio-modifications at the tRNA isodecoder level, and 2-thio modification changes in stress response. PAQS-seq should be widely applicable in the biological studies of Q- and 2-thio-modifications in mammalian and microbial tRNAs.
2022-06-22 | GSE196016 | GEO
Project description:Queuosine (Q) is a complex tRNA modification found at position 34 of four tRNAs with a GUN anticodon, and it regulates the translational efficiency and fidelity of the respective codons that differ at the Wobble position. In bacteria, the biosynthesis of Q involves two precursors, preQ0 and preQ1, whereas eukaryotes directly obtain Q from bacterial sources. The study of queuosine has been challenging due to the limited availability of high-throughput methods for its detection and analysis. Here, we have employed direct RNA sequencing using nanopore technology to detect the modification of tRNAs with Q and Q precursors. These modifications were detected with high accuracy on synthetic tRNAs as well as on tRNAs extracted from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Escherichia coli by comparing unmodified to modified tRNAs using the tool JACUSA2. Furthermore, we present an improved protocol for the alignment of raw sequence reads that gives high specificity and recall for tRNAs ex cellulo that, by nature, carry multiple modifications. Altogether, our results show that such 7-deazaguanine-derivatives are readily detectable using direct RNA sequencing. This advancement opens up new possibilities for investigating these modifications in native tRNAs, furthering our understanding of their biological function.
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Project description:Queuosine (Q) is a conserved tRNA modification at the wobble anticodon position of tRNAs that read the codons of amino acids Tyr, His, Asn, and Asp. Q-modification in tRNA plays important roles in the regulation of translation efficiency and fidelity. Queuosine tRNA modification is synthesized de novo in bacteria, whereas in mammals the substrate for Q-modification in tRNA is queuine, the catabolic product of the Q-base of gut bacteria. This gut microbiome dependent tRNA modification may play pivotal roles in translational regulation in different cellular contexts, but extensive studies of Q-modification biology are hindered by the lack of high throughput sequencing methods for its detection and quantitation. Here, we describe a periodate-treatment method that enables single base resolution profiling of Q-modification in tRNAs by Nextgen sequencing from biological RNA samples. Periodate oxidizes the Q-base, which results in specific deletion signatures in the RNA-seq data. Unexpectedly, we found that periodate-treatment also enables the detection of several 2-thio-modifications including τm5s2U, mcm5s2U, cmnm5s2U, and s2C by sequencing in human and E. coli tRNA. We term this method periodate-dependent analysis of queuosine and sulfur modification sequencing (PAQS-seq). We assess Q- and 2-thio-modifications at the tRNA isodecoder level, and 2-thio modification changes in stress response. PAQS-seq should be widely applicable in the biological studies of Q- and 2-thio-modifications in mammalian and microbial tRNAs.
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Project description:The tRNA pool determines the efficiency, throughput, and accuracy of translation. Previous studies have identified dynamic changes in the tRNA supply and mRNA demand during cancerous proliferation. Yet, dynamic changes may occur also during physiologically normal proliferation, and these are less characterized. We examined the tRNA and mRNA pools of T-cells during their vigorous proliferation and differentiation upon triggering of the T cell antigen receptor. We observe a global signature of switch in demand for codon at the early proliferation phase of the response, accompanied by corresponding changes in tRNA expression levels. In the later phase, upon differentiation of the T cells, the response of the tRNA pool is relaxed back to basal level, potentially restraining excessive proliferation. Sequencing of tRNAs allowed us to also evaluate their diverse base-modifications. We found that two types of tRNA modifications, Wybutosine and ms2t6A, are reduced dramatically during T-cell activation. These modifications occur in the anti-codon loops of two tRNAs that decode “slippery codons”, that are prone to ribosomal frameshifting. Attenuation of these frameshift-protective modifications is expected to increase proteome-wide frameshifting during T-cell proliferation. Indeed, human cell lines deleted of a Wybutosine writer showed increased ribosomal frameshifting, as detected with a reporter that consists of a critical frameshifting site taken from the HIV gag-pol slippery codon motif. These results may explain HIV’s specificity to proliferating T-Cells since it requires ribosomal frameshift exactly on this codon for infection. The changes in tRNA expression and modifications uncover a new layer of translation regulation during T-cell proliferation and exposes a potential trade-off between cellular growth and translation fidelity.
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Project description:Post-transcriptional modification of tRNAs is critical for protein synthesis. Queuosine (Q), a 7-deaza-guanosine derivative, is present at the first position of anticodons of several tRNA species. In vertebrate tRNAs for Tyr and Asp, Q is further glycosylated with galactose and mannose to generate galactosyl-queuosine (galQ) and mannosyl-queuosine (manQ), respectively. However, the biogenesis and physiological relevance of Q-glycosylation remain poorly understood. Here, we biochemically identified two RNA glycosylases, queuosine-tRNA galactosyltransferase (QTGAL) and queuosine-tRNA mannosyltransferase (QTMAN), and successfully reconstituted galQ and manQ formation on the respective tRNAs in the presence of nucleotide diphosphate sugars. Ribosome profiling analyses of human knockout (KO) cells of QTGAL and QTMAN revealed that Q-glycosylation slowed down elongation at the cognate codons, UAC and GAC (GAU), respectively. Furthermore, protein aggregates were significantly increased in both KO cell lines, indicating that Q-glycosylation contributes to proteostasis of nascent proteins. We determined atomic structures of human cytoplasmic tRNAs for Try and Asp bound to the ribosome A-site, providing the molecular basis of codon recognition regulated by galQ and manQ. Furthermore, zebrafish qtgal and qtman KO lines displayed shortened body length, suggesting Q-glycosylation is required for post-embryonic growth in vertebrates. These findings demonstrate that Q-glycosylation modulates codon-specific translation to optimize the decoding speed in protein synthesis, thereby maintaining correct folding of nascent proteins, proteome integrity, and normal growth of vertebrates.
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