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Silencing alanine transaminase 2 in diabetic liver attenuates hyperglycemia by reducing gluconeogenesis from amino acids

ABSTRACT: Silencing alanine transaminase 2 in diabetic liver attenuates hyperglycemia by reducing gluconeogenesis from amino acids

PROVIDER: PRJNA822390 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR18568300_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR18568300_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR18568301_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR18568301_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR18568302_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Silencing alanine transaminase 2 in diabetic liver attenuates hyperglycemia by reducing gluconeogenesis from amino acids

2022-04-06 | GSE199975 | GEO

Silencing alanine transaminase 2 in diabetic liver attenuates hyperglycemia by reducing gluconeogenesis from amino acids.

Project description:Hepatic gluconeogenesis from amino acids contributes significantly to diabetic hyperglycemia, but the molecular mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. Alanine transaminases (ALT1 and ALT2) catalyze the interconversion of alanine and pyruvate, which is required for gluconeogenesis from alanine. We find that ALT2 is overexpressed in the liver of diet-induced obese and db/db mice and that the expression of the gene encoding ALT2 (GPT2) is downregulated following bariatric surgery in people with obesity. The increased hepatic expression of Gpt2 in db/db liver is mediated by activating transcription factor 4, an endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated transcription factor. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of Gpt2 attenuates incorporation of 13C-alanine into newly synthesized glucose by hepatocytes. In vivo Gpt2 knockdown or knockout in liver has no effect on glucose concentrations in lean mice, but Gpt2 suppression alleviates hyperglycemia in db/db mice. These data suggest that ALT2 plays a significant role in hepatic gluconeogenesis from amino acids in diabetes.

| S-EPMC9121396 | biostudies-literature

Hyperglycemia and a Common Variant of GCKR Are Associated with the Levels of Eight Amino Acids in 9,371 Finnish Men

Project description:Objective: Insulin regulates amino acid metabolism. We investigated whether glycemia and 43 genetic risk variants for hyperglycemia/type 2 diabetes affect amino acid levels in a large population-based cohort. Subjects and Methods: A total of 9,371 non-diabetic or newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic Finnish men from the population-based METSIM Study were studied. Proton NMR spectroscopy was used to measure plasma levels of 8 amino acids. Genotyping of 42 SNPs and mRNA microarray analysis from 200 subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were performed. Results: Increasing fasting and/or 2-hour plasma glucose levels were associated with increasing levels of alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, and decreasing levels of histidine and glutamine. We also found significant correlations between insulin sensitivity (Matsuda ISI) and expression of genes regulating amino acid metabolism. Only one SNP (rs780094 in GCKR) of the 42 risk SNPs for type 2 diabetes or hyperglycemia was significantly associated with the levels of alanine, isoleucine, and glutamine. Conclusions : We observed that the levels of branched-chain, aromatic amino acids and alanine increased and the levels of glutamine and histidine decreased with increasing glycemia. These associations seemed to be mediated by insulin resistance, at least in part. GCKR rs780094 was significantly associated with several amino acids. Total RNA was obtained from subcutaneous fat biopsies from 200 people participating in the METSIM study (4 samples were replicated for a total of 204 arrays).

2012-04-01 | E-GEOD-32512 | biostudies-arrayexpress

TOX3 drives hepatic gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia by targeting FoxO1

Project description:TOX3 drives hepatic gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia by targeting FoxO1

| PRJNA951639 | ENA

Hyperglycemia and a Common Variant of GCKR Are Associated with the Levels of Eight Amino Acids in 9,371 Finnish Men

2012-04-02 | GSE32512 | GEO

Dysfunction of the circadian clock in the renal tubule leads to enhanced renal gluconeogenesis and exacerbated hyperglycemia in diabetes

Project description:In diabetes, the kidney contributes to the development of diabetic hyperglycemia by increasing glucose reabsorption from the primary urine and by upregulating gluconeogenesis in the proximal tubule. However, these two processes are also controlled by the circadian clock, a mechanism that synchronizes a large number of specific renal functions with environmental daily cycles. Here, we investigated the (patho)physiological role of intrinsic renal tubule circadian clocks in the diabetic kidney. We demonstrate that diabetic mice devoid of the circadian transcriptional regulator BMAL1 in the renal tubule exhibit additional enhancement of renal gluconeogenesis, exacerbated hyperglycemia, increased glucosuria, polyuria and renal hypertrophy. Collectively, our results suggest that diabetic hyperglycemia can be worsened by dysfunction or misalignment of intrinsic renal circadian clocks.

2022-05-27 | GSE178319 | GEO

TOX3 drives hepatic gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia by targeting FoxO1 [ChIP-seq]

Project description:TOX3 drives hepatic gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia by targeting FoxO1 [ChIP-seq]

| PRJNA951644 | ENA

TOX3 drives hepatic gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia by targeting FoxO1 [RNA-seq]

Project description:TOX3 drives hepatic gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia by targeting FoxO1 [RNA-seq]

| PRJNA951645 | ENA

Lkb1 suppresses amino acid-driven gluconeogenesis in the liver

Project description:Excessive glucose production in the liver is a key factor in the hyperglycemia observed in diabetes mellitus type 2. It is generally agreed to result from an increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis. Considerable attention has been devoted to the transcriptional regulation of key gluconeogenic enzymes, but much less is known about the regulation of amino-acid catabolism, which generates gluconeogenic substrates. Here, we highlight a novel role of LKB1 in this regulation. We show that mice with a hepatocyte-specific deletion of Lkb1 have higher levels of hepatic amino acid catabolism, driving gluconeogenesis. This effect was observed during both fasting and the postprandial period, identifying Lkb1 as a critical suppressor of postprandial hepatic gluconeogenesis. Hepatic Lkb1 deletion was associated with major changes in whole-body metabolism, leading to a lower lean body mass and, in the longer term, sarcopenia and cachexia, as a consequence of the diversion of amino acids to liver metabolism at the expense of muscle. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we identified the aminotransferases and specifically, Agxt as effectors of the suppressor function of Lkb1 in amino acid-driven gluconeogenesis. The present dataset is from the phosphoproteomic analysis of fasting mice in a study where a global quantitative analysis ( PXD013478 ) is also described in the same publication.

2020-12-01 | PXD019757 | Pride

Lkb1 suppresses amino acid-driven gluconeogenesis in the liver

Project description:Excessive glucose production in the liver is a key factor in the hyperglycemia observed in diabetes mellitus type 2. It is generally agreed to result from an increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis. Considerable attention has been devoted to the transcriptional regulation of key gluconeogenic enzymes, but much less is known about the regulation of amino-acid catabolism, which generates gluconeogenic substrates. Here, we highlight a novel role of LKB1 in this regulation. We show that mice with a hepatocyte-specific deletion of Lkb1 have higher levels of hepatic amino acid catabolism, driving gluconeogenesis. This effect was observed during both fasting and the postprandial period, identifying Lkb1 as a critical suppressor of postprandial hepatic gluconeogenesis. Hepatic Lkb1 deletion was associated with major changes in whole-body metabolism, leading to a lower lean body mass and, in the longer term, sarcopenia and cachexia, as a consequence of the diversion of amino acids to liver metabolism at the expense of muscle. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we identified the aminotransferases and specifically, Agxt as effectors of the suppressor function of Lkb1 in amino acid-driven gluconeogenesis. The present dataset is from the phosphoproteomic analysis of the refed mice in a study where a global quantitative analysis ( PXD013478 ) is also described in the same publication.

2020-12-01 | PXD019755 | Pride

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