Lack of major genome-wide DNA methylation changes in succinate-treated human epithelial cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA824825 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR18687257_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR18687257_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR18687258_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR18687258_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR18687259_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:We treated human bronchial epithelial cells with succinate for five days and confirmed its effect on TET protein function by observing diminished formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. We then analyzed global DNA methylation patterns by performing whole genome bisulfite sequencing.
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Project description:The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolite, succinate, is a competitive inhibitor of dioxygenase enzymes that require alpha ketoglutarate as a cofactor. One family of dioxygenases are the ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, which oxidize 5-methylcytosine to promote DNA demethylation. Inhibition of DNA demethylation is expected to lead to DNA hypermethylation, at least at genomic regions at which TET proteins are engaged. We treated human bronchial epithelial cells with succinate for five days and confirmed its effect on TET protein function by observing diminished formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, the first oxidation product of the TET enzymatic reaction. We then analyzed global DNA methylation patterns by performing whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. Unexpectedly, we did not observe differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that reached genome-wide statistical significance. We observed a few regions of clustered DNA hypomethylation, which was also not expected based on the proposed mechanisms. We discuss potential explanations for our observations and the implications of these findings for tumorigenesis.
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Project description:Remodeling of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a metabolic adaptation mechanism accompanying inflammatory macrophage activation. During this process, endogenous metabolites can adopt regulatory roles that govern specific aspects of inflammatory response, as recently shown for succinate, which regulates the downstream pro-inflammatory IL-1β-HIF1a axis. Itaconate is one of the most highly induced metabolites in activated macrophages, yet its functional significance remains unknown. Here, we show that itaconate modulates macrophage metabolism and effector functions via its effect on succinate dehydrogenase, by inhibiting conversion of succinate to fumarate. Through this action, itaconate exerts anti-inflammatory effects when administered in vitro and in vivo during macrophage activation and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Using newly generated Irg1-/- mice, which lack the ability to produce itaconate, we show that endogenous itaconate regulates succinate levels and function, changes in mitochondrial respiration, and inflammatory cytokine production during macrophage activation. These studies highlight itaconate as a major physiological regulator of the global metabolic rewiring and effector functions of inflammatory macrophages.
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Project description:An inverse correlation between countries endemic for helminth infestation and Crohn's disease (CD) incidences has been reinforced by anecdotal but successful cases of helminth therapy for CD. Recent studies have revealed that tuft cells in the small intestine are critical for sensing helminths and directing a type 2 immune response to counteract colonization. Here, we establish an inverse relationship between chemosensory tuft cells and local tissue inflammation in CD patients as well as an established mouse model of TNF-á-induced Crohn's-like ileitis (TNFÄARE). Using a combination of mouse and organoid models, single-cell RNA-sequencing, multiplex immunofluorescence, computational analysis, metabolite mass spectrometry, and microbiome sequencing and manipulation, we identified Atonal Homolog 1 (ATOH1)-independent tuft cells, as opposed to ATOH1-dependent tuft cells, to be responsive to the commensal microbiome through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolite succinate. To evaluate the ability of the malleable, ATOH1-independent tuft cell population to suppress intestinal inflammation, we administered succinate to TNFÄARE animals post onset of ileal inflammatory disease. We observed significantly reduced pathology that is exquisitely dependent on succinate-induced tuft cell specification in the disease model, leading to an anti-helminth response previously shown to suppress inflammation. Inflammation suppression was triggered by cytokines critical to anti-helminthic response, such as IL-22, IL-25, and IL-13. We provide evidence implicating the modulatory role of intestinal tuft cells in chronic intestinal inflammation, which could enable the development of CD therapies around leveraging this rare and elusive cell type.
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