Project description:Koala Retrovirus-A is a gamma-retrovirus sweeping wild koalas via a combination of horizontal and vertical transfer, contributing substantial genomic diversity across and even within koala populations. While studies have estimated KoRV-A's integration into the koala genome occurred 120–50,000 years ago, the origin and spread patterns of its endogenization remain unclear. Here, we analyze KoRV-A germline insertions using whole-genome sequencing data from 405 wild koalas, encompassing nearly the full koala habitat range. We map a trajectory of KoRV-A evolution and propose that KoRV-A first entered the koala germline genome near Coffs Harbour. As KoRV-A spread, replication-competitive subtypes emerged, two of which recombined with an ancient endogenous retrovirus, PhER, resulting in distinct recombination variants across northern and southern koala populations. Additionally, we identified a geographic barrier north of Sydney, which has slowed the southward spread of KoRV-A into Sydney and beyond.
Project description:Koala Retrovirus-A is a gamma-retrovirus sweeping wild koalas via a combination of horizontal and vertical transfer, contributing substantial genomic diversity across and even within koala populations. While studies have estimated KoRV-A's integration into the koala genome occurred 120–50,000 years ago, the origin and spread patterns of its endogenization remain unclear. Here, we analyze KoRV-A germline insertions using whole-genome sequencing data from 405 wild koalas, encompassing nearly the full koala habitat range. We map a trajectory of KoRV-A evolution and propose that KoRV-A first entered the koala germline genome near Coffs Harbour. As KoRV-A spread, replication-competitive subtypes emerged, two of which recombined with an ancient endogenous retrovirus, PhER, resulting in distinct recombination variants across northern and southern koala populations. Additionally, we identified a geographic barrier north of Sydney, which has slowed the southward spread of KoRV-A into Sydney and beyond.
Project description:The increased urban pressures are often associated with specialization of microbial communities. Microbial communities being a critical player in the geochemical processes, makes it important to identify key environmental parameters that influence the community structure and its function.In this proect we study the influence of land use type and environmental parameters on the structure and function of microbial communities. The present study was conducted in an urban catchment, where the metal and pollutants levels are under allowable limits. The overall goal of this study is to understand the role of engineered physicochemical environment on the structure and function of microbial communities in urban storm-water canals. Microbial community structure was determined using PhyoChio (G3) Water and sediment samples were collected after a rain event from Sungei Ulu Pandan watershed of >25km2, which has two major land use types: Residential and industrial. Samples were analyzed for physicochemical variables and microbial community structure and composition. Microbial community structure was determined using PhyoChio (G3)
Project description:The increased urban pressures are often associated with specialization of microbial communities. Microbial communities being a critical player in the geochemical processes, makes it important to identify key environmental parameters that influence the community structure and its function.In this proect we study the influence of land use type and environmental parameters on the structure and function of microbial communities. The present study was conducted in an urban catchment, where the metal and pollutants levels are under allowable limits. The overall goal of this study is to understand the role of engineered physicochemical environment on the structure and function of microbial communities in urban storm-water canals. Microbial community structure was determined using PhyoChio (G3)
Project description:To understand microbial community functional structures of activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and the effects of environmental factors on their structure, 12 activated sludge samples were collected from four WWTPs in Beijing. GeoChip 4.2 was used to determine the microbial functional genes involved in a variety of biogeochemical processes. The results showed that, for each gene category, such as egl, amyA, nir, ppx, dsrA sox and benAB, there were a number of microorganisms shared by all 12 samples, suggestive of the presence of a core microbial community in the activated sludge of four WWTPs. Variance partitioning analyses (VPA) showed that a total of 53% of microbial community variation can be explained by wastewater characteristics (25%) and operational parameters (23%), respectively. This study provided an overall picture of microbial community functional structures of activated sludge in WWTPs and discerned the linkages between microbial communities and environmental variables in WWTPs.