CD8+ T cells induce interferon-responsive oligodendrocytes during white matter aging
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PROVIDER: PRJNA836601 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:A hallmark of nervous system aging is a decline of white matter volume and function, but the underlying mechanisms leading to white matter pathology are unknown. Here, we found age-related alterations of oligodendrocytes with a reduction of total oligodendrocyte density in the aging murine white matter. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify interferon-responsive oligodendrocytes, which localize in proximity of CD8+ T cells in the aging white matter. Absence of functional lymphocytes decreased oligodendrocyte reactivity and rescued oligodendrocyte loss, while T-cell checkpoint inhibition worsened the aging effect. In addition, we identified a subpopulation of immune cell dependent interferon-responsive microglia in the aging white matter, and co-culture experiments revealed that interferon- activated microglia triggered oligodendrocytes cell death. In summary, we provide evidence that T cells induced interferon-responsive oligodendrocytes and microglia are important modifiers of white matter aging.
2022-09-13 | GSE202579 | GEO
Project description:Increasing evidence indicates heterogeneity in functional and molecular properties of oligodendrocyte lineage cells both during development and under pathologic conditions. In multiple sclerosis, remyelination of grey matter lesions exceeds that in white matter. Here we used cells derived from grey matter versus white matter regions of surgically resected human brain tissue samples, to compare the capacities of human A2B5-positive progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes to ensheath synthetic nanofibers, and relate differences to the molecular profiles of these cells. For both cell types, the percentage of ensheathing cells was greater for grey matter versus white matter cells. For both grey matter and white matter samples, the percentage of cells ensheathing nanofibers was greater for A2B5-positive cells versus mature oligodendrocytes. Grey matter A2B5-positive cells were more susceptible than white matter A2B5-positive cells to injury induced by metabolic insults. Bulk RNA sequencing indicated that separation by cell type (A2B5-positive vs mature oligodendrocytes) is more significant than by region but segregation for each cell type by region is apparent. Molecular features of grey matter versus white matter derived A2B5-positive and mature oligodendrocytes were lower expression of mature oligodendrocyte genes and increased expression of early oligodendrocyte lineage genes. Genes and pathways with increased expression in grey matter derived cells with relevance for myelination included those related to responses to external environment, cell-cell communication, cell migration, and cell adhesion. Immune and cell death related genes were up-regulated in grey matter derived cells. We observed a significant number of up-regulated genes shared between the stress/injury and myelination processes, providing a basis for these features. In contrast to oligodendrocyte lineage cells, no functional or molecular heterogeneity was detected in microglia maintained in vitro, likely reflecting the plasticity of these cells ex vivo. The combined functional and molecular data indicate that grey matter human oligodendrocytes have increased intrinsic capacity to myelinate but also increased injury susceptibility, in part reflecting their being at a stage earlier in the oligodendrocyte lineage.
2024-11-08 | GSE281006 | GEO
Project description:Myelination potential and injury susceptibility of grey versus white matter human oligodendrocytes
| PRJNA1181822 | ENA
Project description:Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to alchohol-related brain damage (ARBD). Despite the well known acute effects of alcohol the mechanism responsible for chronic brain damage is largely unknown. Pathologically the major change is the loss of white matter while neuronal loss is mild and restricted to a few areas such as the prefrontal cortex. In order to improve our understanding of ARBD pathogenesis we used microarrays to explore the white matter transcriptome of alcoholics and controls. Our results suggest that hepatic encephalopathy, along with two confounders, gray matter contamination and low RNA quality, are major drivers of gene expression in ARBD. All three exceeded the effects of alcohol itself. In particular, low quality RNA samples were characterized by an upregulation of protein translation machinery while hepatic encephalopathy was associated with a downregulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism pathways. The findings in HE alcoholics are consistent with the metabolic acidosis seen in this condition. In contrast non-HE alcoholics had widespread but only subtle changes in gene expression in their white matter. The initial cohort was compromised of four alcoholics without hepatic encephalopathy (non-HE alcoholics), three alcoholics with HE (HE alcoholics) and three neurologically normal controls. For each indvidual frozen white matter was sampled in the superior frontal gyrus (prefrontal cortex) and the precentral gyrus (motor cortex). These two cortices experience either moderate (prefrontal cortex) or no neuronal loss (motor cortex) with alcohol-related brain damage. Each white matter sample was divided in two before RNA was extracted to give two 'biological' repeats and a total of 40 samples. Subsequently eight duplicates were removed due to their gray matter contamination or low RNA quality to leave a 32-sample cohort (23 alcoholic (including eight with HE ) and nine control samples.
2014-01-04 | E-GEOD-53808 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Aging results in both grey and white matter degeneration, but the specific microglial responses are unknown. Using single-cell RNA sequencing from white and grey matter separately, we identified white matter associated microglia (WAM), which share parts of the disease-associated microglia (DAM) gene signature and are characterized by the activation of genes implicated in phagocytic activity and lipid metabolism. WAM depend on triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) signaling and are aging dependent. In the aged brain, WAM form independently of apolipoprotein E (APOE), which is in contrast to mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease, in which microglia with WAM gene signature are generated prematurely and in an APOE-dependent pathway similar to DAM. Within the white matter, microglia frequently cluster in nodules, where they are engaged in clearing degenerated myelin. Thus, WAM may represent a potentially protective response required to clear degenerated myelin accumulating during white matter aging and disease.
2021-02-18 | GSE166548 | GEO
Project description:White matter aging drives microglial diversity
2021-02-08 | GSE166304 | GEO
Project description:Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to alchohol-related brain damage (ARBD). Despite the well known acute effects of alcohol the mechanism responsible for chronic brain damage is largely unknown. Pathologically the major change is the loss of white matter while neuronal loss is mild and restricted to a few areas such as the prefrontal cortex. In order to improve our understanding of ARBD pathogenesis we used microarrays to explore the white matter transcriptome of alcoholics and controls. Our results suggest that hepatic encephalopathy, along with two confounders, gray matter contamination and low RNA quality, are major drivers of gene expression in ARBD. All three exceeded the effects of alcohol itself. In particular, low quality RNA samples were characterized by an upregulation of protein translation machinery while hepatic encephalopathy was associated with a downregulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism pathways. The findings in HE alcoholics are consistent with the metabolic acidosis seen in this condition. In contrast non-HE alcoholics had widespread but only subtle changes in gene expression in their white matter.
2014-01-04 | GSE53808 | GEO
Project description:Tissue progenitors maintain the integrity of organ systems through aging and stress. The brain’s white matter regions experience ischemic lesions and age-dependent degeneration. Brain white matter contains progenitors, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which can repair some insults. The response of OPCs to white matter ischemia and aging is not known. We characterized the response of OPCs to white matter stroke using OPC reporter mice, cell migration tracking, OPC specific RNA sequencing, and mechanistic studies in candidate biochemical pathways in the aged brain. White matter stroke induces initial proliferation of local OPCs but blocks differentiation, shunting a portion into astrocytes. Candidate signaling pathways for this differentiation block including novel interactions of inhibin and matrilin-2 and new roles of NgR1 ligands following white matter stroke. Stroke induces inhibin expression in astrocytes and downregulates OPC matrilin-2 that contributes into OPC differentiation block. Antagonism of NgR1 ligands promotes OPC differentiation by attenuating the OPC astrocytic transformation and enhances functional recovery from stroke in aged animals.
2019-11-15 | GSE53737 | GEO
Project description:Microglia are brain-resident, myelin-phagocytosing cells, yet their role in lesion initiation in grey and white matter regions in multiple sclerosis (MS) is unclear. We isolated primary microglia from both, occipital cortex and corpus callosum, of 10 MS and 11 control donors and studied their transcriptional profile by RNA sequencing, thereby identifying regional and MS-associated changes. Identification of pathways underlying regional differences showed a relatively increased type I interferon response in cortical grey matter microglia, while white matter microglia more highly expressed NF-κB pathway genes. In normal-appearing white matter MS tissue, lipid metabolism genes were increased, suggesting processing of myelin by microglia already in areas seemingly devoid of MS pathology. Normal-appearing grey matter MS microglia showed increased activation of glycolysis and metal ion homeostasis, possibly reflecting microglia reacting to iron depositions. Notably, expression of genes associated with microglia homeostasis were hardly changed, suggesting that subtle regional changes in MS-associated microglia do not yet affect their resting state.
2019-03-13 | GSE111972 | GEO
Project description:Vanishing white matter (VWM) is a leukodystrophy that primarily manifests in young children. In this disease, the brain white matter is differentially affected in a predictable pattern with telencephalic brain areas being more severely affected, while others remain allegedly completely spared. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we investigated the proteome patterns of the severely affected white matter in the frontal lobe and normal appearing pons in VWM and control cases to identify molecular bases underlying regional vulnerability. By comparing VWM patients to controls, we identified disease-specific proteome patterns. We showed substantial pathogenic changes in both the frontal white matter and pons at the protein level. Side-by-side comparison of brain region-specific proteome patterns further revealed regional differences. We found that different cell types are affected in the VWM frontal white matter than in the pons. Gene ontology and pathway analyses identified involvement of region distinct biological processes, of which pathways implicated in cellular respiratory metabolism were overarching features. In the VWM frontal white matter, proteome changes were associated with decrease in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and metabolism of various amino acids. By contrast, in the VWM pons white matter, we found a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation. Taken together, our data show that brain regions are affected in parallel in VWM, but to different degrees. We found region-specific involvement of different cell types and discovered that cellular respiratory metabolism is differently affected across white matter regions in VWM. These region-specific changes help explain regional vulnerability to pathology in VWM.
2023-06-28 | PXD040861 | Pride