Specification of human germ cell fate with enhanced progression capability
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA838872 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR19241602_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR19241602_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR19241603_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR19241603_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR19241604_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Human primordial germ cells (hPGCs) are the embryonic precursors of sperm and eggs. While the exact temporal window of hPGC specification and the cellular identity of their precursors remains unclear, few studies on ex vivo and in vitro cultured human embryos reported plausible hPGCs on embryonic day (E) 12−13, and in a E16−17 gastrulating embryo. In vitro, hPGC-like cells (hPGCLCs) can be specified from intermediary pluripotent stage or peri-gastrulation precursors. Nevertheless, it remains unclear the extent of the spectrum of precursors for hPGCLC specification and how these different cellular identities impact hPGCLC development. Here we show that capacitating and resetting precursors respond to BMP and induce resetting hPGCLCs (rhPGCLCs). Strikingly, rhPGCLC in the human hindgut organoid co-cultures show progression at a pace reminiscent of in vivo timing, demonstrating their higher potential for progression compared to those derived from peri-gastrulation precursors. Notably, EOMES and TBXT act synergistically during rhPGCLC specification, while only EOMES is necessary for peri-gastrulation hPGCLC specification. Our results emphasize the notion that the function of a cell identity can be largely influenced by features of their precursors rather than their convergent identity. Importantly, our study provides the foundation for refined and efficient in vitro models of human gametogenesis, which may contribute to design new therapeutic approaches for human infertility.
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Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant and reversible modification on messenger RNAs. The differential m6A profiles in different cell types are installed by writers (such as METTL3) and removed by erasers (such as FTO). The m6A-modified RNAs are recognized by readers to trigger downstream regulation of RNA metabolism, eventually contributing to the regulation of cell fates. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are specified early during embryogenesis and establish the germ cell lineage for transmitting genetic and epigenetic information from parents to offspring. Defects in the establishment of germline may lead to infertility, germ cell tumors, and birth defects. Despite extensive research, the m6A-mediated epigenetic regulation of the specification of PGCs remains elusive. In this study, we discovered that knock-out of m6A writer or over-expression of erasers leads to increased percentage of human PGC-like cells (hPGCLCs) induced from embryonic stem cells. We identified the m6A reader IGF2BP1 as the key factor for restricting hPGCLC fate induction by stabilizing OTX2 mRNAs in an m6A-dependent manner. Moreover, we discovered that OTX2 suppresses TFAP2C during germ cell lineage specification. In summary, we characterized the m6A-IGF2BP1-OTX2-TFAP2C axis in restricting the specification of human germ cell fate.
2024-04-30 | PXD051996 |
Project description:Specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) marks the beginning of the totipotent state. However, without a tractable experimental model, the mechanism of human PGC (hPGC) specification remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate specification of hPGC-like cells (hPGCLCs) from germline competent pluripotent stem cells. The characteristics of hPGCLCs are consistent with the embryonic hPGCs and a germline seminoma that share a CD38 cell-surface marker, which collectively defines likely progression of the early human germline. Remarkably, SOX17 is the key regulator of hPGC-like fate, whereas BLIMP1 represses endodermal and other somatic genes during specification of hPGCLCs. Notable mechanistic differences between mouse and human PGC specification could be attributed to their divergent embryonic development and pluripotent states, which might affect other early cell-fate decisions. We have established a foundation for future studies on resetting of the epigenome in hPGCLCs and hPGCs for totipotency and the transmission of genetic and epigenetic information. RNA-Seq analysis to investigate transcriptomes of hPGC-like cells (hPGCLCs), fetal hPGCs, TCam-2 and hESCs
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Project description:In recent years, it has become clear that membrane-less structures formed through phase separation represent an important class of subcellular compartmentalization. However, little is known about how the formation or disassembly of such compartments is regulated. The Balbiani body (Bb) is a phase-separated structure essential for germ cell specification and home to many germ cell-specific mRNAs and proteins. Throughout oogenesis, the structure assembles all critical components required for germ cell induction upon fertilization, then referred to as germ plasm (Gp). In zebrafish, formation of the Bb requires Bucky ball (Buc), a protein with prion-like properties. We have found that Tdrd6a interacts directly with Buc and regulates its aggregation into a functional Bb. Without Tdrd6a, the morphology and mobility of the Bb and the Gp are severely affected, ultimately resulting in PGC depletion in the progeny. Since germ cells are rich in phase-separated structures, many more of such regulatory interactions exist.
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Project description:Specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) marks the beginning of the totipotent state. However, without a tractable experimental model, the mechanism of human PGC (hPGC) specification remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate specification of hPGC-like cells (hPGCLCs) from germline competent pluripotent stem cells. The characteristics of hPGCLCs are consistent with the embryonic hPGCs and a germline seminoma that share a CD38 cell-surface marker, which collectively defines likely progression of the early human germline. Remarkably, SOX17 is the key regulator of hPGC-like fate, whereas BLIMP1 represses endodermal and other somatic genes during specification of hPGCLCs. Notable mechanistic differences between mouse and human PGC specification could be attributed to their divergent embryonic development and pluripotent states, which might affect other early cell-fate decisions. We have established a foundation for future studies on resetting of the epigenome in hPGCLCs and hPGCs for totipotency and the transmission of genetic and epigenetic information.
2014-12-26 | GSE60138 | GEO
Project description:The in vitro reconstitution of human germ-cell development provides a robust framework for clarifying key underlying mechanisms. Here, we explored transcription factors (TFs) that engender the germ-cell fate in their pluripotent precursors. Unexpectedly, SOX17, TFAP2C, and BLIMP1, which act under the BMP signaling and are indispensable for human primordial germ-cell-like cell (hPGCLC) specification, failed to induce hPGCLCs. In contrast, GATA3 or GATA2, immediate BMP effectors, combined with SOX17 and TFAP2C, generated hPGCLCs. GATA3/GATA2 knockouts dose-dependently impaired BMP-induced hPGCLC specification, whereas GATA3/GATA2 expression remained unaffected in SOX17, TFAP2C, or BLIMP1 knockouts. In cynomolgus monkeys, a key model for human development, GATA3, SOX17, and TFAP2C were co-expressed exclusively in early PGCs. Crucially, the TF-induced hPGCLCs acquired a hallmark of bona fide hPGCs to undergo epigenetic reprogramming and mature into oogonia/gonocytes in xenogeneic reconstituted ovaries. By uncovering a TF circuitry driving the germ line program, our study provides a paradigm for TF-based human gametogenesis.
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Project description:In animals with germ plasm, specification of the germline involves “germ granules”, cytoplasmic condensates that enrich maternal transcripts in the germline founder cells. In C. elegans embryos, P granules enrich maternal transcripts, but surprisingly P granules are not essential for germ cell fate specification. Here we describe a second condensate in the C. elegans germ plasm. Like canonical P-bodies found in somatic cells, “germline P-bodies” contain regulators of mRNA decapping and deadenylation and, in addition, the intrinsically-disordered proteins MEG-1 and MEG-2 and the TIS11-family RNA-binding protein POS-1. Embryos lacking meg-1 and meg-2 do not stabilize P-body components, miss-regulate POS-1 targets, miss-specify the germline founder cell, and do not develop a germline. Our findings suggest that specification of the germ line involves at least two distinct condensates that independently enrich and regulate maternal mRNAs in the germline founder cells.
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Project description:The in vitro reconstitution of human germ-cell development provides a robust framework for clarifying key underlying mechanisms. Here, we explored transcription factors (TFs) that engender the germ-cell fate in their pluripotent precursors. Unexpectedly, SOX17, TFAP2C, and BLIMP1, which act under the BMP signaling and are indispensable for human primordial germ-cell-like cell (hPGCLC) specification, failed to induce hPGCLCs. In contrast, GATA3 or GATA2, immediate BMP effectors, combined with SOX17 and TFAP2C, generated hPGCLCs. GATA3/GATA2 knockouts dose-dependently impaired BMP-induced hPGCLC specification, whereas GATA3/GATA2 expression remained unaffected in SOX17, TFAP2C, or BLIMP1 knockouts. In cynomolgus monkeys, a key model for human development, GATA3, SOX17, and TFAP2C were co-expressed exclusively in early PGCs. Crucially, the TF-induced hPGCLCs acquired a hallmark of bona fide hPGCs to undergo epigenetic reprogramming and mature into oogonia/gonocytes in xenogeneic reconstituted ovaries. By uncovering a TF circuitry driving the germ line program, our study provides a paradigm for TF-based human gametogenesis.
2021-02-16 | GSE154690 | GEO
Project description:The in vitro reconstitution of human germ-cell development provides a robust framework for clarifying key underlying mechanisms. Here, we explored transcription factors (TFs) that engender the germ-cell fate in their pluripotent precursors. Unexpectedly, SOX17, TFAP2C, and BLIMP1, which act under the BMP signaling and are indispensable for human primordial germ-cell-like cell (hPGCLC) specification, failed to induce hPGCLCs. In contrast, GATA3 or GATA2, immediate BMP effectors, combined with SOX17 and TFAP2C, generated hPGCLCs. GATA3/GATA2 knockouts dose-dependently impaired BMP-induced hPGCLC specification, whereas GATA3/GATA2 expression remained unaffected in SOX17, TFAP2C, or BLIMP1 knockouts. In cynomolgus monkeys, a key model for human development, GATA3, SOX17, and TFAP2C were co-expressed exclusively in early PGCs. Crucially, the TF-induced hPGCLCs acquired a hallmark of bona fide hPGCs to undergo epigenetic reprogramming and mature into oogonia/gonocytes in xenogeneic reconstituted ovaries. By uncovering a TF circuitry driving the germ line program, our study provides a paradigm for TF-based human gametogenesis.
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