Project description:The present study was conducted to optimize fermentation parameters for apple wine production using Golden Delicious apples. Physicochemical analysis of the cultivar revealed a °Brix-acid ratio of 24.61 with ample amount of total and reducing sugars (9.6 and 6.03% w/v); making it a suitable substrate to produce ethanol. Microbiological analysis lead to isolation of a yeast strain (namely A2) which was molecularly identified and accessed at GenBank as S. cerevisiae KY069279. Ethanol fermentation optimization using response surface methodology revealed that a temperature of 20 °C, an inoculum size of 7.08 (%v/v) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate supplementation @ 154.4 mg/100 mL as optimum for apple wine production which lead to 10.73% (v/v) ethanol production with a desirability of 86.9%. Fresh wine having malic acid content of 1.87 (mg/100 mL) was subjected to malolactic fermentation (MLF) for 8 days using Leuconostoc oenos NCIM 2219 resulting in apple wine having 0.4 (mg/100 mL) malic acid. Sensory analysis of MLF and non-MLF apple wines categorised them as superior quality with average scores of 69.5 and 74.5, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of apple wine revealed the presence of 38 volatile compounds including higher alcohols, acids, esters etc. The study thus revealed a process for apple wine preparation using an indigenous yeast and also optimized and compared malolactic and non-malolactic fermented ciders.
Project description:A genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach was used to analyze the organization of genetic diversity in V. pubescens and V. chilensis. GBS identified 4675 and 4451 SNPs/INDELs in two papaya species. The cultivated orchards of V. pubescens exhibited scarce genetic diversity and low but significant genetic differentiation. The neutrality test yielded a negative and significant result, suggesting that V. pubescens suffered a selective sweep or a rapid expansion after a bottleneck during domestication. In contrast, V. chilensis exhibited a high level of genetic diversity. The genetic differentiation among the populations was slight, but it was possible to distinguish the two genetic groups. The neutrality test indicated no evidence that natural selection and genetic drift affect the natural population of V. chilensis. Using the Carica papaya genome as a reference, we identified critical SNPs/INDELs associated with putative genes. Most of the identified genes are related to stress responses (salt and nematode) and vegetative and reproductive development. These results will be helpful for future breeding and conservation programs of the Caricaceae family.
Project description:The molecular mechanisms underlying infection of rice host system with compatible M. oryzae isolates at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours post innoculation (hpi) are investigated in the study. In addition, the identification of highly commonly upregulated genes by both isolates of M. oryzae may be useful candidates for M.oryzae inducible promoter characterization We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression underlying M. oryzae infection during compatible host-pathogen interaction
Project description:We report the draft genome sequence of Streptococcus mutans strain HM isolated from a 4-year-old girl with infective endocarditis. The genomics information will provide information on the genetic diversity and virulence potential of S. mutans strain HM.