Investigating metabolism of artemisinin-resistant falciparum malaria parasites: mitochondrial rather than apicoplast pathways are key targets?
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA856318 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR20006211_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR20006211_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR20006212_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR20006212_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR20006213_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:In the context of artemisinin resistance, the objective of the project was to evaluate the role of apicoplast and mitochondrion pathways during the parasite quiescent state induced by dihydroartemisinin (DHA) treatment. We performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of artemisinin-resistant parasites in two conditions: DHA treatment or DMSO treatment (as control condition) at the ring stage (obtained by D-sorbitol synchronization).
2024-10-16 | GSE207610 | GEO
Project description:Malaria parasites rely on a plastid organelle for survival during the blood stages of infection. However, the entire organelle is dispensable as long as the isoprenoid precursor isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) is supplemented in the culture medium. We engineered parasites to produce isoprenoid precursors from a mevalonate-dependent pathway, creating a parasite line that replicates normally after the loss of the apicoplast organelle. We show that carbon-labeled mevalonate is specifically incorporated into isoprenoid products, opening new avenues for researching this essential class of metabolites in malaria parasites. We also show that essential apicoplast proteins, such as the enzyme target of the drug fosmidomycin, can be deleted in this mevalonate bypass parasite line, providing a method to determine the roles of other important apicoplast-resident proteins. Several antibacterial drugs kill malaria parasites because they target basic processes, such as transcription, in the organelle. We used metabolomic and transcriptomic methods to characterize parasite metabolism after azithromycin treatment triggered loss of the apicoplast. These results provide insight into the effects of apicoplast-disrupting drugs, several of which have been used to treat malaria infections in humans. Overall, the mevalonate bypass system provides a way to probe essential aspects of apicoplast biology and study the effects of drugs that target apicoplast processes.
2020-02-11 | GSE136169 | GEO
Project description:Evolving resistance to artemisinin-based compounds in SE Asia threatens to derail attempts to control and eliminate malaria. Resistance has been confirmed in western Cambodia, has recently emerged in western Thailand, but is absent from neighboring Laos. Artemisinin resistance results in reduced parasite clearance rates (CR) from the blood following treatment. We used a two-phase approach to identify the genes underlying this ongoing selective event. Comparison of geographical differentiation and haplotype structure at 6,969 polymorphic SNPs in 91 parasites from western Cambodia, western Thailand and Laos identified 33 strongly selected genome regions. We screened SNPs and microsatellites within these genome regions in 718 parasites from western Thailand, and identified a 35kb region of chr 13 showing strong association (P=10-6 to 10-11) with slow CR. This region contains several compelling candidate loci, such as HSP70, for assessment by transfection. These results illustrate the efficacy of targeted association for identifying the genetic basis of adaptive traits. 91 malaria parasite isolates assayed for single nucleotide polymorphisms across 45K loci
2012-04-30 | E-GEOD-33002 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The spread of artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites is of global concern and highlights the need to identify new antimalarials for future treatments. Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic used clinically against malaria, kills parasites via two mechanisms: ‘delayed death’ by inhibiting the bacterium-like ribosomes of the apicoplast, and ‘quick-killing’ that kills rapidly across the entire blood stage development. Here, 22 azithromycin analogues were explored for delayed death and quick-killing activities against P. falciparum (the most virulent human malaria) and P. knowlesi (a monkey parasite that frequently infects humans). Seventeen analogues showed improved quick-killing against both Plasmodium species, with up to 38 to 20-fold higher potency over azithromycin after less than 48 or 28 hours of treatment for P. falciparum and P. knowlesi, respectively. Lead analogues had limited activity against the related parasite Toxoplasma gondii and were >5-fold more selective against malaria than human cells. Quick-killing analogues maintained activity throughout the blood stage lifecycle including ring stages of P. falciparum parasites (<12 hrs treatment). Isopentenyl pyrophosphate supplemented parasites that lacked an apicoplast were equally sensitive to quick-killing analogues, confirming that the quick killing activity of these drugs was not directed at the apicoplast. Metabolomic profiling of parasites subjected to the lead analogue revealed a similar profile to chloroquine treatment, suggesting that the food-vacuole is a likely target of this drugs activity. The azithromycin analogues characterised in this study expanded the structural diversity over previously reported quick-killing compounds and provide new starting points to develop azithromycin analogues with quick-killing antimalarial activity.
2022-10-04 | ST002309 | MetabolomicsWorkbench
Project description:Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria has emerged in western Cambodia. This is a major threat to global plans to control and eliminate malaria as the artemisinins are a key component of antimalarial treatment throughout the world. Using DNA microarrays we identify key features of a transcriptional profile that are associated with the delayed parasite clearance phenotype. These include reduced expression of several basic metabolic and cellular pathways in the early stages, and increased expression of essentially all functionalities associated with protein metabolism in the later stages of P. falciparum intraerythrocytic development. This is consistent with the reduced ring stage susceptibility that characterizes artemisinin resistant P. falciparum. This modulation of the P. falciparum intraerythrocytic transcriptome may result from differential expression of several regulatory proteins such as transcription factors of chromatin remodeling associated factors. In addition, the artemisinin resistant phenotype is strongly associated with a specific pattern of copy number variations, some of which are linked with differential expression of several regulatory proteins such as histone 4 and zinc permease. This study reports the first global transcriptional survey of artemisinin resistant parasites and provides a set of candidate genes for further investigation. 6 P. falciparum parasites (field isolates) which are either Artemsinin resistant or sensitive from 3 study sites (Pailin in Cambodia, Xepon in Laos, Mae Sot in Thailand) were sampled and harvested for genomic DNA. gDNA from a total of 6 samples were extracted by phenol chloroform. Synthesis of labelled target DNA was carried out as previously described: Mackinnon, M.J. et al. Comparative transcriptional and genomic analysis of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates. PLoS Pathog 5, e1000644 (2009), and used in comparative genomic microarray hybridizations (CGH).
2010-12-07 | E-GEOD-25879 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria has emerged in western Cambodia. This is a major threat to global plans to control and eliminate malaria as the artemisinins are a key component of antimalarial treatment throughout the world. Using DNA microarrays we identify key features of a transcriptional profile that are associated with the delayed parasite clearance phenotype. These include reduced expression of several basic metabolic and cellular pathways in the early stages, and increased expression of essentially all functionalities associated with protein metabolism in the later stages of P. falciparum intraerythrocytic development. This is consistent with the reduced ring stage susceptibility that characterizes artemisinin resistant P. falciparum. This modulation of the P. falciparum intraerythrocytic transcriptome may result from differential expression of several regulatory proteins such as transcription factors of chromatin remodeling associated factors. In addition, the artemisinin resistant phenotype is strongly associated with a specific pattern of copy number variations, some of which are linked with differential expression of several regulatory proteins such as histone 4 and zinc permease. This study reports the first global transcriptional survey of artemisinin resistant parasites and provides a set of candidate genes for further investigation. 11 P. falciparum parasites (field isolates) which are either Artemsinin resistant or sensitive from 3 study sites (Pailin in Cambodia, Xepon in Laos, Mae Sot in Thailand) were sampled, grown ex-vivo over 48 hours and harvested at regular intervals. RNA from a total of 91 samples were extracted. Synthesis of target DNA was carried out as previously described: Mackinnon, M.J. et al. Comparative transcriptional and genomic analysis of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates. PLoS Pathog 5, e1000644 (2009), and used in microarray hybridizations.
2010-12-07 | E-GEOD-25878 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria has emerged in western Cambodia. This is a major threat to global plans to control and eliminate malaria as the artemisinins are a key component of antimalarial treatment throughout the world. Using DNA microarrays we identify key features of a transcriptional profile that are associated with the delayed parasite clearance phenotype. These include reduced expression of several basic metabolic and cellular pathways in the early stages, and increased expression of essentially all functionalities associated with protein metabolism in the later stages of P. falciparum intraerythrocytic development. This is consistent with the reduced ring stage susceptibility that characterizes artemisinin resistant P. falciparum. This modulation of the P. falciparum intraerythrocytic transcriptome may result from differential expression of several regulatory proteins such as transcription factors of chromatin remodeling associated factors. In addition, the artemisinin resistant phenotype is strongly associated with a specific pattern of copy number variations, some of which are linked with differential expression of several regulatory proteins such as histone 4 and zinc permease. This study reports the first global transcriptional survey of artemisinin resistant parasites and provides a set of candidate genes for further investigation.
2010-12-07 | GSE25879 | GEO
Project description:Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria has emerged in western Cambodia. This is a major threat to global plans to control and eliminate malaria as the artemisinins are a key component of antimalarial treatment throughout the world. Using DNA microarrays we identify key features of a transcriptional profile that are associated with the delayed parasite clearance phenotype. These include reduced expression of several basic metabolic and cellular pathways in the early stages, and increased expression of essentially all functionalities associated with protein metabolism in the later stages of P. falciparum intraerythrocytic development. This is consistent with the reduced ring stage susceptibility that characterizes artemisinin resistant P. falciparum. This modulation of the P. falciparum intraerythrocytic transcriptome may result from differential expression of several regulatory proteins such as transcription factors of chromatin remodeling associated factors. In addition, the artemisinin resistant phenotype is strongly associated with a specific pattern of copy number variations, some of which are linked with differential expression of several regulatory proteins such as histone 4 and zinc permease. This study reports the first global transcriptional survey of artemisinin resistant parasites and provides a set of candidate genes for further investigation.
2010-12-07 | GSE25878 | GEO
Project description:Background Histone deacetylase (HDACs) inhibitors are being intensively pursued as potential new antimalarial drugs, and are also emerging as valuable tools for investigating transcriptional control in malaria parasites. In this study, the genome-wide transcriptional effects of three structurally related hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors were profiled in Plasmodium falciparum, the most lethal of the malaria parasite species that infects humans. Results Following 2h exposure to trichostatin A (TSA), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) or a 2-aminosuberic acid derivative (2-ASA-9), ~18-28% of genes in P. falciparum trophozoite-stage parasites were regulated greater than two fold. This global induction was transitory, with fewer genes (3-5%) regulated after removing the compounds and culturing for a further 2h. Just nine genes, including alpha-II-tubulin, were up-regulated by all three compounds. Despite structural similarity, the three inhibitors caused quite diverse transcriptional effects, possibly reflecting subtle differences in mode of action or cellular distribution. Conclusions Three structurally related HDAC inhibitors have been found to cause profound, genome-wide, transcriptional changes in P. falciparum parasites, but most effects were transitory. This highlights the dynamic and exquisitely controlled nature of transcription in these malaria parasites. We also identified a small subset of nine genes over-expressed by all three HDAC inhibitors that may represent the first recognized set of transcriptional markers that signify HDAC inhibition in malaria parasites. This data set is an important contribution to our understanding of gene regulation in malaria parasites and supports growing evidence for the potential of HDAC inhibitors as new antimalarial agents.
2012-05-01 | GSE25642 | GEO
Project description:Evolving resistance to artemisinin-based compounds in SE Asia threatens to derail attempts to control and eliminate malaria. Resistance has been confirmed in western Cambodia, has recently emerged in western Thailand, but is absent from neighboring Laos. Artemisinin resistance results in reduced parasite clearance rates (CR) from the blood following treatment. We used a two-phase approach to identify the genes underlying this ongoing selective event. Comparison of geographical differentiation and haplotype structure at 6,969 polymorphic SNPs in 91 parasites from western Cambodia, western Thailand and Laos identified 33 strongly selected genome regions. We screened SNPs and microsatellites within these genome regions in 718 parasites from western Thailand, and identified a 35kb region of chr 13 showing strong association (P=10-6 to 10-11) with slow CR. This region contains several compelling candidate loci, such as HSP70, for assessment by transfection. These results illustrate the efficacy of targeted association for identifying the genetic basis of adaptive traits.
2012-05-01 | GSE33002 | GEO