Patterns of heterochromatin distribution alterations linked to transcriptional changes at Plasmodium falciparum clonally variant gene loci [ChIP-seq]
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PROVIDER: PRJNA860106 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The survival of malaria parasites in the changing human blood environment largely depends on their ability to alter gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms. The active state of Plasmodium falciparum clonally variant genes is associated with euchromatin characterized by the histone mark H3K9ac, whereas the silenced state is characterized by H3K9me3-based heterochromatin. However, the localization of the euchromatin-heterochromatin transitions associated with expression switches in different clonally variant genes has not been characterized. Here we compared the distribution of heterochromatin between subclones of the same genetic background with different patterns of expressed and silenced clonally variant genes to identify at a genome-wide level the patterns associated with the different transcriptional states. We found that de novo heterochromatin formation or complete disruption of a heterochromatin domain are relatively rare events, and in the majority of loci expression switches can be explained by expansion or retraction of heterochromatin. We describe different modalities of heterochromatin changes linked to transcriptional differences, revealing a complex scenario. Despite this complexity, heterochromatin distribution patterns generally enable prediction of the transcriptional state of clonally variant genes. Some subclones expressed and had in an active chromatin state several var genes simultaneously. We also found that heterochromatin levels in the putative regulatory region of the gdv1-as non-coding RNA, previously involved in sexual commitment, varied between parasite lines with different sexual conversion rates.
2022-11-03 | GSE208560 | GEO
Project description:The survival of malaria parasites in the changing human blood environment largely depends on their ability to alter gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms. The active state of Plasmodium falciparum clonally variant genes is associated with euchromatin characterized by the histone mark H3K9ac, whereas the silenced state is characterized by H3K9me3-based heterochromatin. However, the localization of the euchromatin-heterochromatin transitions associated with expression switches in different clonally variant genes has not been characterized. Here we compared the distribution of heterochromatin between subclones of the same genetic background with different patterns of expressed and silenced clonally variant genes to identify at a genome-wide level the patterns associated with the different transcriptional states. We found that de novo heterochromatin formation or complete disruption of a heterochromatin domain are relatively rare events, and in the majority of loci expression switches can be explained by expansion or retraction of heterochromatin. We describe different modalities of heterochromatin changes linked to transcriptional differences, revealing a complex scenario. Despite this complexity, heterochromatin distribution patterns generally enable prediction of the transcriptional state of clonally variant genes. Some subclones expressed and had in an active chromatin state several var genes simultaneously. We also found that heterochromatin levels in the putative regulatory region of the gdv1-as non-coding RNA, previously involved in sexual commitment, varied between parasite lines with different sexual conversion rates. Gene expression data for subclones A7, E5 and B11 (3D7-B stock).
2022-11-03 | GSE208131 | GEO
Project description:Patterns of heterochromatin distribution alterations linked to transcriptional changes at Plasmodium falciparum clonally variant gene loci
| PRJNA860104 | ENA
Project description:Patterns of heterochromatin distribution alterations linked to transcriptional changes at Plasmodium falciparum clonally variant gene loci [gene expression]
| PRJNA858441 | ENA
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2022-11-03 | GSE208561 | GEO
Project description:Epigenetic processes are the main conductors of phenotypic variation in eukaryotes. The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum employs antigenic variation of the major surface antigen PfEMP1, encoded by 60 var genes, to evade acquired immune responses. PfEMP1 also mediates sequestration of infected erythrocytes in the microvasculature, which is directly linked to severe malaria outcomes. Antigenic variation of PfEMP1 occurs through in situ switches in mono-allelic var gene transcription, which is PfSIR2-dependent and associated with the presence of repressive H3K9me3 marks at silenced loci. Here, we show that the P. falciparum ortholog of heterochromatin protein 1 (PfHP1) binds to H3K9me3 and constitutes a major component of heterochromatin in perinuclear chromosome end clusters. High-resolution genome-wide chromatin immuno-precipitation demonstrates the striking association of PfHP1 with non-syntenic virulence gene arrays in subtelomeric and chromosome-internal islands. These include not only var genes but the majority of P. falciparum lineage-specific gene families coding for exported proteins involved in host-parasite interactions. Over-expression of PfHP1 resulted in decreased expression of a small number of (virulance) genes and indicated the presence of well-defined heterochromatic boundaries.. In summary, we uncover an unprecedented function of HP1 as a mayor regulator of virulence gene silencing and phenotypic variation, which will be instrumental for our understanding of this widely used survival strategy of unicellular pathogens. one experimental sample
2010-05-06 | E-GEOD-17029 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Clonally variant genes (CVGs) play fundamental roles in the adaptation of Plasmodium falciparum parasites to the fluctuating conditions of the human host, but their expression patterns under the natural conditions of the blood circulation have been characterized in detail only for a few specific gene families. Here we provide a detailed characterization of the full P. falciparum transcriptome across the full intraerythrocytic development cycle (IDC) at the onset of a blood infection in non-immune human volunteers. We found that the vast majority of transcriptional differences between parasites obtained from the volunteers and the parental parasite line maintained in culture occur for CVGs. Specifically, we observed a major increase in the transcript levels of most members of the pfmc-2tm and gbp families and of specific genes of other families, in addition to previously reported changes in var and clag3 genes. The expression patterns were almost identical between parasites obtained from the different volunteers. Large transcriptional differences correlate with changes in the distribution of histone modifications associated with heterochromatin, confirming their epigenetic nature. The analysis of parasites collected at different points along the infection indicates that when parasites pass through transmission stages, the epigenetic memory at CVG loci is lost, resulting in a reset of their expression state and reestablishment of new epigenetic patterns.
2021-07-01 | GSE166258 | GEO
Project description:Clonally variant genes (CVGs) play fundamental roles in the adaptation of Plasmodium falciparum parasites to the fluctuating conditions of the human host, but their expression patterns under the natural conditions of the blood circulation have been characterized in detail only for a few specific gene families. Here we provide a detailed characterization of the full P. falciparum transcriptome across the full intraerythrocytic development cycle (IDC) at the onset of a blood infection in non-immune human volunteers. We found that the vast majority of transcriptional differences between parasites obtained from the volunteers and the parental parasite line maintained in culture occur for CVGs. Specifically, we observed a major increase in the transcript levels of most members of the pfmc-2tm and gbp families and of specific genes of other families, in addition to previously reported changes in var and clag3 genes. The expression patterns were almost identical between parasites obtained from the different volunteers. Large transcriptional differences correlate with changes in the distribution of histone modifications associated with heterochromatin, confirming their epigenetic nature. The analysis of parasites collected at different points along the infection indicates that when parasites pass through transmission stages, the epigenetic memory at CVG loci is lost, resulting in a reset of their expression state and reestablishment of new epigenetic patterns.
2021-07-01 | GSE166390 | GEO
Project description:In the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, changes in the distribution of heterochromatin at specific loci regulate the expression of clonally variant genes (CVGs), which play fundamental roles in host-parasite interactions. In addition to differences in heterochromatin between individual parasites associated with variant expression of CVGs, changes in heterochromatin distribution associated with different developmental stages have been described. However, while stage II/III gametocytes (sexual precursors) have an altered distribution of heterochromatin compared with asexual blood stages, it is unclear if heterochromatin changes already occur at the very early stages of sexual development. Here we used a transgenic parasite line in which sexual conversion can be conditionally induced to characterise the changes in heterochromatin distribution associated with the earliest stages of sexual development. We found that there were essentially no changes in sexual rings or stage I gametocytes compared with asexual blood stages, and remodelling of heterochromatin started at stage II or III of gametocyte development, with changes similar to those previously described in parasites of a different genetic background. Therefore, global redistribution of heterochromatin does not appear to play a role in the initial steps of sexual development. We also found that, for several genes, changes in expression associated with sexual development precede changes in the heterochromatin at their locus.
2024-10-09 | GSE252334 | GEO
Project description:Epigenetic processes are the main conductors of phenotypic variation in eukaryotes. The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum employs antigenic variation of the major surface antigen PfEMP1, encoded by 60 var genes, to evade acquired immune responses. PfEMP1 also mediates sequestration of infected erythrocytes in the microvasculature, which is directly linked to severe malaria outcomes. Antigenic variation of PfEMP1 occurs through in situ switches in mono-allelic var gene transcription, which is PfSIR2-dependent and associated with the presence of repressive H3K9me3 marks at silenced loci. Here, we show that the P. falciparum ortholog of heterochromatin protein 1 (PfHP1) binds to H3K9me3 and constitutes a major component of heterochromatin in perinuclear chromosome end clusters. High-resolution genome-wide chromatin immuno-precipitation demonstrates the striking association of PfHP1 with non-syntenic virulence gene arrays in subtelomeric and chromosome-internal islands. These include not only var genes but the majority of P. falciparum lineage-specific gene families coding for exported proteins involved in host-parasite interactions. Over-expression of PfHP1 resulted in decreased expression of a small number of (virulance) genes and indicated the presence of well-defined heterochromatic boundaries.. In summary, we uncover an unprecedented function of HP1 as a mayor regulator of virulence gene silencing and phenotypic variation, which will be instrumental for our understanding of this widely used survival strategy of unicellular pathogens.
2009-09-03 | GSE17029 | GEO