Endogenous retrovirus MER50-derived enhancers confer the transcriptional regulation of human trophoblast syncytialization
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PROVIDER: PRJNA863249 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs), which are in direct contact with maternal blood, constitute the maternal-fetal interface critical for nutrient allocation, hormone production and immunological modulation during pregnancy. However, the genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms governing trophoblast syncytialization remain largely elusive. We delineate that endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which have been exapted as regulatory sequences for specific functional adaptations in placenta, profoundly rewire transcriptional program of trophoblast syncytialization. Here, we first determined dynamic bivalent ERV-derived enhancers with dual occupancy of H3K9me3 and H3K27ac in human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs), which emerge as cell specific regulators of gene expression with markedly resolved H3K9me3 during differentiation towards STBs. Of note, bivalent enhancers derived from the Simiiformes-specific MER50 transposons were linked to a cluster of STB-specific genes. Importantly, depletions of MER50 elements adjacent to several STB genes, including MFSD2A, TNFAIP2 and RAI14, significantly attenuated their expression concomitant to dysregulated syncytium formation. Together, we propose that ERV-derived enhancers, MER50 specifically, fine-tune the transcriptional program accounting for human trophoblast syncytialization, which sheds light on novel epigenetic regulatory mechanisms underlying placental development.
2023-02-03 | GSE209976 | GEO
Project description:Multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs), which are in direct contact with maternal blood, constitute the maternal-fetal interface critical for nutrient allocation, hormone production and immunological modulation during pregnancy. However, the genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms governing trophoblast syncytialization remain largely elusive. We delineate that endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which have been exapted as regulatory sequences for specific functional adaptations in placenta, profoundly rewire transcriptional program of trophoblast syncytialization. Here, we first determined dynamic bivalent ERV-derived enhancers with dual occupancy of H3K9me3 and H3K27ac in human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs), which emerge as cell specific regulators of gene expression with markedly resolved H3K9me3 during differentiation towards STBs. Of note, bivalent enhancers derived from the Simiiformes-specific MER50 transposons were linked to a cluster of STB-specific genes. Importantly, depletions of MER50 elements adjacent to several STB genes, including MFSD2A, TNFAIP2 and RAI14, significantly attenuated their expression concomitant to dysregulated syncytium formation. Together, we propose that ERV-derived enhancers, MER50 specifically, fine-tune the transcriptional program accounting for human trophoblast syncytialization, which sheds light on novel epigenetic regulatory mechanisms underlying placental development.
2023-02-03 | GSE209975 | GEO
Project description:Endogenous retrovirus MER50-derived enhancers confer the transcriptional regulation of human trophoblast syncytialization [ChIP-Seq]
| PRJNA863257 | ENA
Project description:Endogenous retrovirus MER50-derived enhancers confer the transcriptional regulation of human trophoblast syncytialization [RNA-Seq]
| PRJNA863256 | ENA
Project description:Nutrient sensing and adaptation in the placenta are essential for pregnancy viability and proper fetal growth. Our recent research demonstrates that the placenta adapts to nutrient insufficiency through mTOR inhibition-mediated trophoblast differentiation toward syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs), a highly specialized multinucleated trophoblast subtype directing extensive maternal-fetal interactions. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we unravel the indispensable role of the mTORC1 downstream transcriptional factor TFEB in STB formation both in vitro and in vivo. Endogenous TFEB deficiency significantly impaired STB differentiation in trophoblast cells and placenta organoids. Mechanistically, TFEB conferred direct transcriptional regulation of the fusogen ERVFRD-1 in human trophoblasts and thereby profoundly promoted STB formation, independent of its canonical function as a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. In line with the in vitro findings, systemic or trophoblast-specific deletion of Tfeb compromised STB formation and placental vascular construction, leading to severe embryonic lethality. Moreover, TFEB directs the trophoblast syncytialization response driven by mTORC1 signaling. Importantly, TFEB expression positively correlates with the reinforced trophoblast syncytialization in human fetal growth restriction (FGR) placentas exhibiting suppressed mTORC1 activity. Our findings substantiate that the TFEB-fusogen axis ensures proper STB formation during placenta development and under nutrient stress, shedding light on TFEB as a mechanistic link between nutrient-sensing machinery and trophoblast differentiation.
2024-06-16 | GSE252253 | GEO
Project description:Nutrient sensing and adaptation in the placenta are essential for pregnancy viability and proper fetal growth. Our recent research demonstrates that the placenta adapts to nutrient insufficiency through mTOR inhibition-mediated trophoblast differentiation toward syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs), a highly specialized multinucleated trophoblast subtype directing extensive maternal-fetal interactions. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we unravel the indispensable role of the mTORC1 downstream transcriptional factor TFEB in STB formation both in vitro and in vivo. Endogenous TFEB deficiency significantly impaired STB differentiation in trophoblast cells and placenta organoids. Mechanistically, TFEB conferred direct transcriptional regulation of the fusogen ERVFRD-1 in human trophoblasts and thereby profoundly promoted STB formation, independent of its canonical function as a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. In line with the in vitro findings, systemic or trophoblast-specific deletion of Tfeb compromised STB formation and placental vascular construction, leading to severe embryonic lethality. Moreover, TFEB directs the trophoblast syncytialization response driven by mTORC1 signaling. Importantly, TFEB expression positively correlates with the reinforced trophoblast syncytialization in human fetal growth restriction (FGR) placentas exhibiting suppressed mTORC1 activity. Our findings substantiate that the TFEB-fusogen axis ensures proper STB formation during placenta development and under nutrient stress, shedding light on TFEB as a mechanistic link between nutrient-sensing machinery and trophoblast differentiation.
2024-06-16 | GSE252251 | GEO
Project description:Nutrient sensing and adaptation in the placenta are essential for pregnancy viability and proper fetal growth. Our recent research demonstrates that the placenta adapts to nutrient insufficiency through mTOR inhibition-mediated trophoblast differentiation toward syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs), a highly specialized multinucleated trophoblast subtype directing extensive maternal-fetal interactions. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we unravel the indispensable role of the mTORC1 downstream transcriptional factor TFEB in STB formation both in vitro and in vivo. Endogenous TFEB deficiency significantly impaired STB differentiation in trophoblast cells and placenta organoids. Mechanistically, TFEB conferred direct transcriptional regulation of the fusogen ERVFRD-1 in human trophoblasts and thereby profoundly promoted STB formation, independent of its canonical function as a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. In line with the in vitro findings, systemic or trophoblast-specific deletion of Tfeb compromised STB formation and placental vascular construction, leading to severe embryonic lethality. Moreover, TFEB directs the trophoblast syncytialization response driven by mTORC1 signaling. Importantly, TFEB expression positively correlates with the reinforced trophoblast syncytialization in human fetal growth restriction (FGR) placentas exhibiting suppressed mTORC1 activity. Our findings substantiate that the TFEB-fusogen axis ensures proper STB formation during placenta development and under nutrient stress, shedding light on TFEB as a mechanistic link between nutrient-sensing machinery and trophoblast differentiation.
2024-06-16 | GSE252252 | GEO
Project description:CUT&Tag seq of HK16ac in TS(trophoblast stem cells), STB-D1(TS cells culture in STB medium for syncytialization one day), STB-D4(TS cells culture in STB medium for syncytialization 4 day), STB-D4 treated with oxamate(TS cells culture in STB medium for syncytialization 4 day and treated with oxamate), STB-D4 treated with oxamate and acetate(TS cells culture in STB medium for syncytialization 4 day and treated with oxamate and acetate). we explored the relationship between glycolysis and syncytializaion.
2024-08-02 | GSE246639 | GEO
Project description:Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy results in an increased risk of spontaneous abortion and vertical transmission across placenta results in severe congenital defects in newborns. While the infectivity and pathological effects of ZIKV on the placental trophoblast progenitor cells in early human embryos remains largely unknown. Here, using the human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) isolated from human blastocyst, we showed that hTSCs were permissive to ZIKV infection, while resistance to ZIKV increased with differentiation. Combined CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout and RNA-seq assays, we demonstrated that the intrinsic expression of AXL and TIM-1, as well as the absence of potent interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs), contributed to the high sensitivity of hTSCs to ZIKV. Furthermore, using our newly developed hTSC-derived 3 dimensional (3D) placental trophoblast organoid model, we demonstrated that ZIKV infection completely disrupted the structure of mature hTSC-organoids and inhibited syncytialization. Overall, our results clearly demonstrated that hTSCs represented the major target cells of ZIKV, and a possible reduced syncytialization may result from ZIKV infection of early developing placenta. These findings deepened our understanding of the characteristics and consequences of ZIKV infection of trophoblast stem cells in early human embryo.
2023-08-03 | GSE229702 | GEO
Project description:Trophoblast syncytialization maintains the placenta-heart axis
| PRJNA953770 | ENA