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PROVIDER: PRJNA884717 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Ticks are blood feeding arthropod ectoparasites that transmit pathogens, which cause diseases in humans and animals worldwide. In the past ten decades, the continuous human exploitation of environmental resources and the increase in human outdoor activities has promoted contact with arthropod vectors normally present in the wild, resulting in increased transmission of vector-borne pathogens. In addition, vector populations are expanding in response to climate change and human interventions that impact reservoir host movement and human exposure to infected vectors. Among these emerging vector-borne pathogens, Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) has become an important tick-borne pathogen in the United States, Europe and Asia, with increasing numbers of infected people and animals every year. Diseases caused by A. phagocytophilum include human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), equine and canine granulocytic anaplasmosis and tick-borne fever (TBF) in ruminants. The natural infection cycle of A. phagocytophilum is dependent upon the presence of infected vertebrate reservoir hosts and Ixodid tick vectors. In the United States and Europe the main vector species are Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes pacificus, and Ixodes ricinus, while a wide range of mammals, lizards, and birds serve as reservoir hosts for various A. phagocytophilum genotypes. A. phagocytophilum initially infects tick midgut cells and then subsequently develops in salivary glands for transmission to susceptible hosts during tick feeding where the pathogen infects granulocytic cells, primarily neutrophils. Anaplasma phagocytophilum develops within membrane-bound inclusions in the host cell cytoplasm. This pathogen has evolved with its tick and vertebrate hosts through dynamic processes involving genetic traits of the pathogen and hosts that collectively mediate pathogen infection, development, persistence, and survival. However, the mechanisms used by A. phagocytophilum for molecular mechanisms involved in tick-pathogen interactions have not been fully characterized. The objective of this study is to characterize the dynamics of the microRNA response in the tick vector Ixodes scapularis in response to A. phagocytophilum infection. To address this objective, the composition of tick microRNAs was characterize using RNA sequencing in I. scapularis tick cells in response to A. phagocytophilum infection. The discovery of these mechanisms provides evidence that a control strategy could be developed targeted at both vertebrate and tick hosts for more complete control of A. phagocytophilum and its associated diseases.
2016-03-19 | GSE79324 | GEO
Project description:Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are the most common illnesses transmitted by ticks, and the annual number of reported TBD cases continues to increase. The Asian longhorned tick, a vector associated with at least 30 human pathogens, is native to eastern Asia and recently reached the USA as an emerging disease threat. Newly identified tick-transmitted pathogens continue to be reported, raising concerns about how TBDs occur. Interestingly, tick can harbor pathogens without being affected themselves. For viral infections, ticks have their own immune systems that protect them from infection. Meanwhile, tick-borne viruses have evolved to avoid these defenses as they establish themselves within the vector. Here, we show in detail that infecting longhorned ticks with distinct arthropod-borne RNA viruses through two approaches natural blood feeding and injection, all induce the production of vsiRNAs. Dicer2-like homolog plays a role in regulating antiviral RNAi responses as knocking down of this gene enhanced viral replication. Furthermore, we demonstrate that tick antiviral RNAi responses are inhibited through expression heterologous VSR proteins in recombinant SINV. We identify both the virus and tick factors are critical components to understanding TBDs. Importantly, our study introduces a novel, in vivo virus-vector-mouse model system for exploring TBDs in the future.
2021-11-22 | GSE159277 | GEO
Project description:There has been an emergence and expansion of tick-borne diseases in Europe, Asia and North America in recent years, including Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, and human anaplasmosis. The primary tick vectors implicated are hard ticks of the Ixodes genera. Although much is known about the host response to these bacterial and viral pathogens, there is limited knowledge of the cellular responses to infection within the tick vector. The bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum), is able to bypass apoptotic processes in ticks, enabling infection to proceed. However, the tick cellular responses to infection with the flaviviruses tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and louping ill virus (LIV), which cause tick-borne encephalitis and louping ill respectively, are less clear. Infection of an Ixodes ricinus (I. ricinus) tick cell line with the viruses LIV and TBEV, and the bacterium A. phagocytophilum, identified activation of common and distinct cellular pathways. In particular, commonly-upregulated genes included those that modulate apoptotic pathways (HSP70), putative anti-pathogen genes (FKBP and XBL1), and genes that influence the tick innate immune response, including selective activation of toll genes. These data provide an insight into potentially key genes involved in the tick cellular response to viral or bacterial infection.
2017-01-01 | GSE85300 | GEO
Project description:Applications of transcriptomics have significantly advanced the identification of numerous tick salivary molecules involved in feeding and the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. In this study, we analyze the salivary gland transcriptome of Dermacentor andertsoni, the vector of Rickettsia rickettsii in the U.S., at single cell resolution.
2026-02-20 | GSE297088 | GEO
Project description:Applications of transcriptomics have significantly advanced the identification of numerous tick salivary molecules involved in feeding and the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. In this study, we analyze the salivary gland transcriptome of Ixodes scapularis, the main vector of Borrelia burgdorferi in the U.S., at single cell resolution.
2026-02-19 | GSE289983 | GEO
Project description:Applications of transcriptomics have significantly advanced the identification of numerous tick salivary molecules involved in feeding and the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. In this study, we analyze the salivary gland transcriptome of Ixodes scapularis, the main vector of Borrelia burgdorferi in the U.S. We use next-generation sequencing to provide a more detailed view.
2026-02-20 | GSE290647 | GEO
Project description:Applications of transcriptomics have significantly advanced the identification of numerous tick salivary molecules involved in feeding and the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. In this study, we analyze the salivary gland transcriptome of Ixodes scapularis, the main vector of Borrelia burgdorferi in the U.S. We use next-generation sequencing to provide a more detailed view.
2026-02-20 | GSE290648 | GEO
Project description:Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a tick-borne infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Dogs are at high risk of exposure to ticks and tick-borne pathogens, including B. burgdorferi. Immunodiagnostic assays are usually based on whole-cell preparations of B. burgdorferi as substrate and, consequently, interpretation of results is confounded by antibody cross-reactivity between borrelial antigens and other bacterial species, as well as the anti-LB vaccination status of the dog. For this study, we examined sera from 33 dogs that were experimentally infected with B. burgdorferi through tick bite. These sera were compared with sera from uninfected dogs in their reactivities to 72 different recombinant B. burgdorferi polypeptides on a protein microarray. Amongst antigens frequently recognized by infected dogs were several known to be immunogens for humans, such as Decorin-binding protein A (BBA25), BBA64, fibronectin-binding protein (BBK32), VlsE, Erp and Bdr, CRASP proteins, OspC proteins and some flagellar antigens. Of special interest were the novel antigens BBB14 and BB0844, both hypothetical lipoproteins about which very little is currently known, and that were frequently and strongly recognized by infected dog sera. The antibody response of B. burgdorferi-infected dogs presents both similarities and differences from human counterparts, and both can be important for improvement of canine LB diagnosis and vaccine development. Antibody profiling was performed on sera from dogs experimentally-infected with B. burgdorferi and unexposed controls against antigens of B. burgdorferi. Thirty-three serum samples from experimental infections, and 6 unexposed controls were probed on a protein microarray displaying 72 unique proteins of B. burgdorferi .
2013-08-22 | E-GEOD-50074 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a tick-borne infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Dogs are at high risk of exposure to ticks and tick-borne pathogens, including B. burgdorferi. Immunodiagnostic assays are usually based on whole-cell preparations of B. burgdorferi as substrate and, consequently, interpretation of results is confounded by antibody cross-reactivity between borrelial antigens and other bacterial species, as well as the anti-LB vaccination status of the dog. For this study, we examined sera from 33 dogs that were experimentally infected with B. burgdorferi through tick bite. These sera were compared with sera from uninfected dogs in their reactivities to 72 different recombinant B. burgdorferi antigens and 24 OspC protein types on a protein microarray. Amongst antigens frequently recognized by infected dogs were several known to be immunogens for humans, such as Decorin-binding protein A (BBA25), BBA64, fibronectin-binding protein (BBK32), VlsE, Erp and Bdr, CRASP proteins, OspC proteins and some flagellar antigens. Of special interest were the novel antigens BBB14 and BB0844, both hypothetical lipoproteins about which very little is currently known, and that were frequently and strongly recognized by infected dog sera. The antibody response of B. burgdorferi-infected dogs presents both similarities and differences from human counterparts, and both can be important for improvement of canine LB diagnosis and vaccine development. Antibody profiling was performed on sera from dogs experimentally-infected with B. burgdorferi and unexposed controls against antigens of B. burgdorferi. Thirty-three serum samples from experimental infections, and 5 unexposed controls were probed on a protein microarray displaying 24 OspC proteins of B. burgdorferi .
2013-08-22 | E-GEOD-50075 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of tick-borne fever (TBF) in ruminants and human, equine and canine granulocytic anaplasmosis. A. phagocytophilum modifies host gene expression and immune response. The objective of this work was to analyze differential gene expression in A. phagocytophilum-infected sheep using microarray hybridization and real-time RT-PCR in experimentally and naturally infected animals. Keywords: disease state analysis
2008-01-29 | GSE10286 | GEO