Project description:Fire disturbances are becoming more common, more intense, and further-reaching across the globe, with consequences for ecosystem functioning. Importantly, fire can have strong effects on the soil microbiome, including community and functional changes after fire, but surprisingly little is known regarding the role of soil fire legacy in shaping responses to recent fire. To address this gap, we conducted a manipulative field experiment administering fire across 32 soils with varying fire legacies, including combinations of 1-7 historic fires and 1-33 years since most recent fire. We analyzed soil metatranscriptomes, determining for the first time how fire and fire legacy interactively affect metabolically-active soil taxa, the microbial regulation of important carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling, expression of carbohydrate-cycling enzyme pathways, and functional gene co-expression networks. Experimental fire strongly downregulated fungal activity while upregulating many bacterial and archaeal phyla. Further, fire decreased soil capacity for microbial C and N cycling and P transport, and drastically rewired functional gene co-expression. Perhaps most importantly, we highlight a novel role of soil fire legacy in regulation of microbial C, N, and P responses to recent fire. We observed a greater number of functional genes responsive to the interactive effects of fire and fire legacy than those affected solely by recent fire, indicating that many functional genes respond to fire only under certain fire legacy contexts. Therefore, without incorporating fire legacy of soils, studies will miss important ways that fire shapes microbial roles in ecosystem functioning. Finally, we showed that fire caused significant downregulation of carbon metabolism and nutrient cycling genes in microbiomes under abnormal soil fire histories, producing a novel warning for the future: human manipulation of fire legacies, either indirectly through global change-induced fire intensification or directly through fire suppression, can negatively impact soil microbiome functional responses to new fires.
2024-08-12 | GSE274211 | GEO
Project description:Pollinator assemblages on fall-blooming native California sage scrub shrubs
Project description:Human retinal and RPE SAGE libraries. Profile of the genes expressed in the human peripheral retina, macula, and retinal pigment epithelium determined through serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Keywords: other
Project description:The oomycete Phytophthora palmivora infects a wide range of tropical crops worldwide. Like other filamentous plant pathogens, it secretes effectors to colonise plant tissues. Here we characterise FIRE, an RXLR effector that contains a canonical mode I 14-3-3 phospho-sensor binding motif that is conserved in effectors of several Phytophthora species. FIRE is phosphorylated in planta and interacts with multiple 14-3-3 proteins. Binding is sensitive to the R18 14-3-3 inhibitor. FIRE promotes plant susceptibility and co-localises with its target around haustoria. This work uncovers a new type of oomycete effector target mechanism. It demonstrates that substrate mimicry for 14-3-3 proteins is a cross-kingdom effector strategy used by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic plant pathogens to suppress host immunity.