Effect of deficiency of Siglec-15 during osteoclast differentiation of murine bone marrow macrophages
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PROVIDER: PRJNA905426 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:To investigate the function of Siglec-15 in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation, Siglec-15 deficient mice was established. Then gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of bone marrow macrophages with M-CSF and RANKL at two different time points was performed.
2023-12-01 | GSE218768 | GEO
Project description:In our study, we found that Siglec-15 was critical to osteosarcoma characteristics. To identify the downstream target genes of Siglec-15 in osteosarcoma, we conducted the RNA-seq analysis of Siglec-15 knockdown in osteosarcoma cell line 143B cells.
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Project description:Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) is emerging as an immune modulator and target for cancer immunotherapy. However, limited knowledge regarding its mechanism of action and structure, or its binding partners with T cells, restrains the development of drug candidates that could unleash its full therapeutic potential. Here, we determine the crystal structure of Siglec-15 and delineate its binding epitope by co-crystallization with an anti-Siglec-15 blocking antibody. Saturation transfer-difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD-NMR) spectroscopy assisted with molecular dynamics simulations reveals the binding mode of Siglec-15 to (2,3)- and 2,6)- linked sialic acids and to the cancer-associated sialyl-Tn (STn) glycoform. Binding of Siglec-15 to T cells, which lack STn expression, depends on the presence of (2,3)- and 2,6)- linked sialoglycans. We identify the leukocyte integrin CD11b as a binding partner of Siglec-15 on human T cells. Collectively, these data provide an integrative understanding of the structural features of Siglec-15 and underscore glycosylation as an additional layer of control of T cell responses.
2023-07-20 | PXD042009 | Pride
Project description:Metabolic deregulation and immune escape are pivotal hallmarks of cancer; however, the profile of metabolic reprogramming in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and how it drives immune escape remain unclear. We identified significant metabolic disorders in OSCC. Amino acid metabolism, especially tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism, was altered. Here, we found that kynurenine promotes migration, invasion, and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, most immune checkpoints were upregulated in patients with high kynurenine levels. We then identified that kynurenine can promote Siglec-15 expression via AhR activation. Furthermore, tumor-derived kynurenine can directly exhaust CD8+ T cells, whereas blocking of kynurenine transporters reversed this effect. Moreover, we found that ectopic expression of Siglec-15 can promote immune escape in tumor microenvironment (TME) by suppressing T cell infiltration and inducing CD8+ T cell exhaustion in vivo, while targeting AhR reduces kynurenine-mediated immune escape. Finally, we design NH2-MSNs nanoparticles to deliver Siglec-15 small interfering RNA, which successfully remodels the TME and enhances anti-PD-1 efficacy in tumor-bearing immunocompetent mice. Clinically, Siglec-15 expression is correlated with AhR expression and high infiltration of exhausted CD8+ T cells. These findings reveal that the Kyn/AhR/Siglec-15 signaling pathway is a novel immunometabolism mechanism in OSCC, thus opening a new therapeutic avenue for metabolic immunotherapy.
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Project description:Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is a key mediator of type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling in response to a variety of stimuli, but the contribution of STING to homeostatic processes is not fully characterized. Previous studies showed ligand activation of STING limits osteoclast differentiation in vitro through the induction of IFN and IFN-I Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs). In a disease model (SAVI) driven by the V154M gain-of-function mutation in STING, fewer osteoclasts form from SAVI precursors in response to RANKL in an IFN-I-dependent manner. Due to the described role of STING-mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis in activation settings, we sought to determine whether basal STING signaling contributes to bone homeostasis, an unexplored area. Using whole-body and myeloid-specific deficiency, we show that STING signaling prevents trabecular bone loss in mice over time and that myeloid-restricted STING activity is sufficient for this effect. STING-deficient osteoclast precursors differentiate with greater efficiency than wildtypes. RNA sequencing of wildtype and STING-deficient osteoclast precursor cells and differentiating osteoclasts reveals novel clusters of ISGs including a previously undescribed ISG set expressed in RANKL naïve precursors (tonic expression) and downregulated during differentiation. We identify a 50 gene tonic ISG signature that is STING-dependent and shapes osteoclast differentiation. From this list, we identify Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) as a tonic STING-regulated ISG that limits osteoclast formation. Thus, STING is an important upstream regulator of tonic IFN-I signatures shaping the commitment to osteoclast fates, providing evidence for a nuanced and novel role for this pathway in bone homeostasis.
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2019-06-01 | GSE115497 | GEO
Project description:Bone remodeling is characterized by the sequential, local tethering of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and is key to the maintenance of bone integrity. While bone matrix-mobilized growth factors, such as TGF-β, are proposed to regulate remodeling, no in vivo evidence exists that an osteoclast-produced molecule is the enigmatic coupling factor. We have identified Cthrc1, a protein secreted by mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts, that targets stromal cells so as to stimulate osteogenesis. The expression of Cthrc1 is robustly induced when mature osteoclasts are placed on dentin or hydroxyapatite, and also by increasing extracellular calcium. Cthrc1 expression in bone increases in a high turnover state, such as that which is induced by RANKL injections in vivo, whereas it decreases with aging or following alendronate treatment, conditions associated with suppressed bone turnover. The targeted deletion of the Cthrc1 gene eliminates Cthrc1 expression in bone, whereas its deficiency in osteoblasts does not exert any significant effect. Osteoclast-specific deletion of the Cthrc1 gene results in osteopenia due to reduced bone formation: it also impairs the coupling process following resorption induced by RANKL injections, with a resultant impairment of bone mass recovery. Thus, Cthrc1 is an osteoclast-secreted “coupling factor” that regulates bone remodeling and hence, skeletal integrity. Total bone marrow cells were prepared from the femurs and tibias of 8-10-week-old C57BL/6 mice and cultured in the presence of M-CSF (100ng/ml) for 3 days as described previously (Takeshita et al., 2000 JBMR 15:1477-1488). Cells were harvested with 0.02% EDTA/PBS and used as bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). These BMMs were cultured in the presence of M-CSF (100 ng/ml) and RANKL (100ng/ml) for 2 days. TRAP positive mononuclear cells were harvested and used as pre-osteoclasts (pOC). These pOC cells were further cultured in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL for 2 days in normal plastic plate or on dentin slices. After 2 days, multinucleated TRAP positive mature osteoclasts were generated as mature osteoclasts on plate (mOCp) and mature resorbing osteoclasts on dentin (mOCd), respectively. RNAs were extracted from four different stages of osteoclast lineage cells; BMMs, pOC, mOCp and mOCd, and used for microarray analysis.
2015-04-01 | E-GEOD-45656 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Osteoclasts and osteoblasts play a critical role in bone remodeling, and their dysregulation leads to pathological bone loss. However, precise regulation of their differentiation remains not fully elucidated. This study investigates the role of transcriptional regulator Zinc Finger Matrin-Type 1 (Zmat1) in both osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. Zmat1 deficiency resulted in decreased osteoclast activity, and reduced bone resorption. Mechanististically, ZMAT1 was significantly upregulated during osteoclast differentiation and acted as a transcriptional repressor of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM46, which then regulates YAP1 degradation via K48-linked ubiquitination. Furthermore, Zmat1 deficiency also enhanced osteoblast activity and bone formation. These findings highlight a novel ZMAT1/TRIM46/YAP1 axis, providing new insights into the transcriptional regulation of both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, and present potential therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
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Project description:Osteoporosis and bone fractures affect millions of men and women worldwide and are often due to increased bone resorption (bone loss) mediated by osteoclasts. Here, we identify a novel role for the cytoplasmic protein ELMO1 as an important ‘signaling node’ controlling the bone resorption function of osteoclasts. Initially, we noted association of ELMO1 SNPs with bone abnormalities and altered bone density in humans. Experimentally, ELMO1 emerged as a promoter of bone loss wherein deletion of ELMO1 reversed osteoporosis / bone erosions in four in vivo mouse models: osteoprotegerin deficiency, ovariectomy, and two types of inflammatory arthritis. However, ELMO1 did not promote bone loss under homeostatic conditions. Mechanistic studies pointed to a larger ELMO1 signaling network that regulates osteoclast activity at several levels. First, transcriptomics coupled with CRISPR/Cas9 genetic deletion approaches identified new regulators of osteoclast function associated with Elmo1. Second, defining the ‘ELMO1 interactome’ in osteoclasts via proteomics revealed proteins linked to bone degradation. Third, ELMO1 affects the formation of the actin ring /sealing zone on bone-like surfaces and the distribution of osteoclast-specific proteases. Finally, a 3D structure-based inhibitory peptide targeting a highly conserved region of ELMO1 reduced bone resorption in wild type osteoclasts. Collectively, these data identify ELMO1 as a signaling hub that regulates osteoclast function and bone loss, with relevance to diseases such as osteoporosis and arthritis.
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Project description:Osteoclasts and osteoblasts play a critical role in bone remodeling, and their dysregulation leads to pathological bone loss. However, precise regulation of their differentiation remains not fully elucidated. This study investigates the role of transcriptional regulator Zinc Finger Matrin-Type 1 (Zmat1) in both osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. Zmat1 deficiency resulted in decreased osteoclast activity, and reduced bone resorption. Mechanististically, ZMAT1 was significantly upregulated during osteoclast differentiation and acted as a transcriptional repressor of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM46, which then regulates YAP1 degradation via K48-linked ubiquitination. Furthermore, Zmat1 deficiency also enhanced osteoblast activity and bone formation. These findings highlight a novel ZMAT1/TRIM46/YAP1 axis, providing new insights into the transcriptional regulation of both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, and present potential therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
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