Homo sapiens
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA90765 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Time course of androgen-regulated transcripts in LNCaP cells
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Project description:Kynureninase is a member of a large family of catalytically diverse but structurally homologous pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes known as the aspartate aminotransferase superfamily or alpha-family. The Homo sapiens and other eukaryotic constitutive kynureninases preferentially catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine to produce 3-hydroxyanthranilate and l-alanine, while l-kynurenine is the substrate of many prokaryotic inducible kynureninases. The human enzyme was cloned with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag, expressed, and purified from a bacterial expression system using Ni metal ion affinity chromatography. Kinetic characterization of the recombinant enzyme reveals classic Michaelis-Menten behavior, with a Km of 28.3 +/- 1.9 microM and a specific activity of 1.75 micromol min-1 mg-1 for 3-hydroxy-dl-kynurenine. Crystals of recombinant kynureninase that diffracted to 2.0 A were obtained, and the atomic structure of the PLP-bound holoenzyme was determined by molecular replacement using the Pseudomonas fluorescens kynureninase structure (PDB entry 1qz9) as the phasing model. A structural superposition with the P. fluorescens kynureninase revealed that these two structures resemble the "open" and "closed" conformations of aspartate aminotransferase. The comparison illustrates the dynamic nature of these proteins' small domains and reveals a role for Arg-434 similar to its role in other AAT alpha-family members. Docking of 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine into the human kynureninase active site suggests that Asn-333 and His-102 are involved in substrate binding and molecular discrimination between inducible and constitutive kynureninase substrates.
| S-EPMC2531291 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RNA extracted at 240min. Samples are rRNA depleted. Expression measurement of Homo sapiens genes.
2019-07-31 | GSE114179 | GEO
Project description:LNCaP prostate cancer cells were treated with and without 100?g/ml Emetine Dihydrochloride Hydrate (Fluka, Buchs, Swizerland). Both Emetine-treated and untreated control cells were then incubated at 37°C for 10 hours. After the incubation, the first time point (0 min) was harvested for both treated and untreated cells. Simultaneously, Actinomycin D (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) with the final concentration of 5ug/ml, was added to the remaining treated and untreated cells to stop new transcription. Time points of 10min, 30min, 1h, 2h, and 4h were harvested in both groups for most of the cell lines. Cell pellets were snap-frozen and mRNA extracted by using FastTrack kit (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For each time point, the untreated sample was hybridized against the Emetine-treated equivalent. Four ug of untreated mRNA was labeled with Cy5-dUTP and four ug of Emetine-treated mRNA with Cy3-dUTP (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ) as previously described (Mousses et al, 2000). Image analysis was done by DeArray software. Average intensities of the tumor samples were divided by the average intensities of the reference sample at each microarray spot after background intensity subtraction. Within-slide normalization was performed with ratio statistics method using housekeeping genes as described previously (Chen et al, 1997). The data were quality filtered with ratio quality method (Chen et al, 2002), which computes a quality value for each ratio. The scale for the quality values is from zero (poor quality) to one (good quality). Here, all ratios having quality value below 0.5 were discarded from the subsequent analysis. Keywords: time-course
2004-06-24 | GSE1488 | GEO
Project description:As the evolution of miRNA genes has been found to be one of the important factors in formation of the modern type of man, we performed a comparative analysis of the evolution of miRNA genes in two archaic hominines, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens denisova, and elucidated the expression of their target mRNAs in bain.A comparative analysis of the genomes of primates, including species in the genus Homo, identified a group of miRNA genes having fixed substitutions with important implications for the evolution of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens denisova. The mRNAs targeted by miRNAs with mutations specific for Homo sapiens denisova exhibited enhanced expression during postnatal brain development in modern humans. By contrast, the expression of mRNAs targeted by miRNAs bearing variations specific for Homo sapiens neanderthalensis was shown to be enhanced in prenatal brain development.Our results highlight the importance of changes in miRNA gene sequences in the course of Homo sapiens denisova and Homo sapiens neanderthalensis evolution. The genetic alterations of miRNAs regulating the spatiotemporal expression of multiple genes in the prenatal and postnatal brain may contribute to the progressive evolution of brain function, which is consistent with the observations of fine technical and typological properties of tools and decorative items reported from archaeological Denisovan sites. The data also suggest that differential spatial-temporal regulation of gene products promoted by the subspecies-specific mutations in the miRNA genes might have occurred in the brains of Homo sapiens denisova and Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, potentially contributing to the cultural differences between these two archaic hominines.
| S-EPMC4686780 | biostudies-literature