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Genome-wide analysis of aberrant position and sequence of plasma DNA fragment ends in patients with cancer

ABSTRACT: Genome-wide analysis of aberrant position and sequence of plasma DNA fragment ends in patients with cancer

PROVIDER: PRJNA917091 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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Genome-wide analysis of aberrant position and sequence of plasma DNA fragment ends in patients with cancer

Project description:Genome-wide analysis of aberrant position and sequence of plasma DNA fragment ends in patients with cancer

| PRJNA917092 | ENA

Genome-wide analysis of aberrant position and sequence of plasma DNA fragment ends in patients with cancer.

Project description:Genome-wide fragmentation patterns in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma are strongly influenced by cellular origin due to variation in chromatin accessibility across cell types. Such differences between healthy and cancer cells provide the opportunity for development of novel cancer diagnostics. Here, we investigated whether analysis of cfDNA fragment end positions and their surrounding DNA sequences reveals the presence of tumor-derived DNA in blood. We performed genome-wide analysis of cfDNA from 521 samples and analyzed sequencing data from an additional 2147 samples, including healthy individuals and patients with 11 different cancer types. We developed a metric based on genome-wide differences in fragment positioning, weighted by fragment length and GC content [information-weighted fraction of aberrant fragments (iwFAF)]. We observed that iwFAF strongly correlated with tumor fraction, was higher for DNA fragments carrying somatic mutations, and was higher within genomic regions affected by copy number amplifications. We also calculated sample-level means of nucleotide frequencies observed at genomic positions spanning fragment ends. Using a combination of iwFAF and nine nucleotide frequencies from three positions surrounding fragment ends, we developed a machine learning model to differentiate healthy individuals from patients with cancer. We observed an area under the receiver operative characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.91 for detection of cancer at any stage and an AUC of 0.87 for detection of stage I cancer. Our findings remained robust with as few as 1 million fragments analyzed per sample, demonstrating that analysis of fragment ends can become a cost-effective and accessible approach for cancer detection and monitoring.

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Project description:Carcinogenesis is a genetic process in which molecular changes occur earlier than histomorphological changes. The key to early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is to identify genetic alterations. However, aberrant lncRNA expression profiles in OSCC plasma is still largely unknown. Using an lncRNA microarray, we analyzed the aberrant lncRNA expression profiles in OSCC plasma compared with paired healthy volunteer plasma. Our data revealed 7473 differentially expressed (Fold Change >= 2.0, P-value <= 0.05) lncRNAs, among which 3972 lncRNAs were significantly up-regulated and 3501 lncRNAs were down-regulated in OSCC compared with paired healthy volunteer plasma.

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RecBCD Coordinates Repair of Two Ends at a DNA Double-Strand Break, Preventing Aberrant Chromosome Amplification [ChIP-seq]

Project description:In the bacterium Escherichia coli, RecBCD coordinates repair of two ends at a DNA double-strand break, preventing aberrant chromosome amplification

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End structure of DNA in plasma: detection, characterizationand diagnostic applications

Project description:The physical properties of cell-free DNA fragments in plasma, such as fragment sizes and ends, have attracted much recent interest, leading to the emerging field of fragmentomics. This study attempted to further characterize the end structure of plasma DNA.

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BCDIN3D regulates tRNAHis 3’ fragment processing

Project description:5’ ends are important for determining the fate of RNA molecules. BCDIN3D is an RNA phospho-methyltransferase that methylates the 5’ monophosphate of specific RNAs. In order to gain new insights into the molecular function of BCDIN3D, we performed an unbiased analysis of its interacting RNAs by Thermostable Group II Intron Reverse Transcriptase coupled to next generation sequencing (TGIRT-seq). Our analyses showed that BCDIN3D interacts with full-length phospho-methylated tRNAHis and miR-4454. Interestingly, we found that miR-4455 is not synthesized from the annotated genomic locus, which is a primer-binding site for an endogenous retrovirus, but rather by Dicer cleavage of mature tRNAHis. Sequence analysis revealed that miR-4454 is identical to the 3’ end of tRNAHis. Moreover, we were able to generate this “miRNA” in vitro through incubation of mature tRNAHis with Dicer. As found previously for several pre-miRNAs, a 5’P-tRNAHis appears to be a better substrate for Dicer cleavage than a phospho-methylated tRNAHis. Moreover, tRNAHis 3’-fragment/”miR-4454” levels increase in cells depleted for BCDIN3D. Altogether, our results show that in addition to microRNAs, BCDIN3D regulates tRNAHis 3’-fragment processing without negatively affecting tRNAHis’s canonical function of aminoacylation.

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