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Regionally defined stem cell growth directs cell fate during intestinal nutrient adaptation

ABSTRACT: Regionally defined stem cell growth directs cell fate during intestinal nutrient adaptation

PROVIDER: PRJNA918687 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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Regionally defined stem cell growth directs cell fate during intestinal nutrient adaptation

Project description:The adult intestine is a regionalized organ, whose size and cellular composition is adjusted in response to nutrient status. This involves dynamic regulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and differentiation. How nutrient signaling integrates with mechanisms controlling cell fate to achieve regional changes in intestinal cell composition remains unclear. Here we show that nutrient adaptation involves highly region-specific control of intestinal cell size, number and differentiation. Our data uncovered a mechanism by which mTOR complex 1 activation increases ISC size in a region-specific manner. This promotes Delta expression to direct cell fate towards the absorptive enteroblast lineage, while inhibiting secretory enteroendocrine cell differentiation. Thus, ISC size acts as an early fate determinant allowing regional control of intestinal cell differentiation in response to nutrition.

2024-02-14 | GSE222254 | GEO

Regionally specified human pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes

Project description:Bulk RNA-seq of highly pure regionally specified human pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes

2019-06-29 | GSE133489 | GEO

Regionally specified human pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes

Project description:Regionally specified human pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes

| PRJNA551611 | ENA

Stem cell intrinsic nutrient sensing regulating diet dependent intestinal adaptation

Project description:The intestine is an organ with exceptionally high rate of cell turnover and perturbations in this process can lead to disease such as cancer or intestinal atrophy. Nutrition is a key factor regulating the intestinal cell turnover and has a profound impact on intestinal volume and cellular architecture. However, how the intestinal equilibrium is maintained in fluctuating dietary conditions is insufficiently understood. By utilizing the Drosophila midgut as a model, we reveal a novel nutrient sensing mechanism coupling stem cell metabolism with stem cell extrinsic growth signal. Our results show that intestinal stem cells (ISCs) employ the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) to monitor nutritional status and energy metabolism. Elevated activity of the HBP promotes Warburg effect-like metabolic reprogramming, which is required for the reactivation of ISCs from calorie restriction-induced quiescence. Furthermore, the HBP activity is an essential facilitator for insulin signaling-induced intestinal growth. In conclusion, intestinal stem cell intrinsic nutrient sensing regulates metabolic pathway activities, and defines the stem cell responsiveness to niche-derived growth signals.

2018-09-13 | GSE107052 | GEO

Start codon-associated ribosomal frameshifting mediates nutrient stress adaptation

Project description:A translating ribosome is typically thought to follow the reading frame defined by the selected start codon. Using super-resolution ribosome profiling, here we report pervasive out-of-frame translation from the start codon. Unlike programmable frameshifting during elongation, start codon-associated ribosome frameshifting (SCARF) stems from the slippage of the initiating ribosome. Using a massively paralleled reporter assay, we uncovered sequence elements acting as SCARF enhancers or repressors, implying that start codon recognition is coupled with reading frame fidelity. This finding explains thousands of mass spectrometry spectra unannotated from human proteome. Mechanistically, we find that the eukaryotic initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) maintains the reading frame fidelity during the transition from initiation to elongation. Intriguingly, amino acid starvation induces SCARF by proteasomal degradation of eIF5B. The stress-induced SCARF products provide a degradative source to mitigate amino acid scarcity during starvation. Our findings illustrate the beneficial effect of divergent translation in nutrient stress adaptation.

2023-03-01 | GSE184825 | GEO

PET on Surgery for Loco-regionally Recurrent Colorectal Cancer

Project description:The influence of Positron-Emission-Tomography (PET) on the surgical treatment of loco-regionally recurrent colorectal cancer (LRRCRC) remains obscure and deserves further investigation.

| 64928 | ecrin-mdr-crc

Stem cell intrinsic nutrient sensing regulating diet dependent intestinal adaptation

Project description:Stem cell intrinsic nutrient sensing regulating diet dependent intestinal adaptation

| PRJNA418921 | ENA

Nutritional Status and Nutrient Supply in Hospitalised Surgical Patients

Project description:Prospective single arm, single center observational study to assess the nutritional status and the nutrient supply during hospitalization for elective gastrointestinal surgery.

| 2293083 | ecrin-mdr-crc

CAR directs T cell adaptation to bile acids in the small intestine

Project description:CAR directs T cell adaptation to bile acids in the small intestine

| PRJNA627681 | ENA

Adult Leptomeninges are Regionally Patterned and Provide Specialized Support to Underlying Brain Tissue

Project description:The leptomeninges envelop the central nervous system and contribute to brain homeostasis by producing trophic factors and regulating entrance of cells, factors and agents, immune responses and cerebrospinal fluid production. We report that leptomeninges from adult mice are regionally patterned. Leptomeninges dissected from anterior or posterior aspects of the forebrain grown in hetero- or homo-typic culture with anterior and posterior cortical cells demonstrate differences in ability to support survival of neuronal subsets and proliferation of progenitors for astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Meningeal support changes with age: co-culture with 18-month old leptomeninges reduced numbers of cortical progenitor cells and neurons but increased astrocyte expansion. Analysis of cytokine secretion and single cell RNA-sequencing revealed differences in anterior versus posterior, young versus old meningeal factors and composition. These data demonstrate that adult leptomeninges are regionally patterned in cell composition and functional properties, and suggest that meningeal deficits may contribute to brain aging and disease.

2021-11-01 | GSE139922 | GEO

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