NFE2L2 mutations enhance radioresistance in head and neck cancer by modulating intratumoral myeloid cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA922975 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR23051063_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR23051063_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR23051064_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR23051064_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR23051065_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:(1) Background: The sensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to ionizing radiation, among others, is determined by the number of cells with high clonogenic potential and stem-like features. These cellular characteristics are dynamically regulated in response to treatment and may lead to an enrichment of radioresistant cells with a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA and histone methylation, are key regulators of gene-specific transcription and cellular plasticity. Therefore, we hypothesized that specific epigenetic targeting may prevent irradiation-induced plasticity and may sensitize HNSCC cells to radiotherapy. (2) Methods: We compared the DNA methylome and intracellular concentrations of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites in radioresistant FaDu and Cal33 cell lines with their parental controls, as well as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive CSCs with negative controls. Moreover, we conducted a screen of a chemical library targeting enzymes involved in epigenetic regulation in combination with irradiation and analyzed the clonogenic potential, sphere formation, and DNA repair capacity to identify compounds with both radiosensitizing and CSC-targeting potential. (3) Results: We identified the histone demethylase inhibitor GSK-J1, which targets UTX (KDM6A) and JMJD3 (KDM6B), leading to increased H3K27 trimethylation, heterochromatin formation, and gene silencing. The clonogenic survival assay after siRNA-mediated knock-down of both genes radiosensitized Cal33 and SAS cell lines. Moreover, high KDM6A expression in tissue sections of patients with HNSCC was associated with improved locoregional control after primary (n = 137) and post-operative (n = 187) radio/chemotherapy. Conversely, high KDM6B expression was a prognostic factor for reduced overall survival. (4) Conclusions: Within this study, we investigated cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying irradiation-induced cellular plasticity, a key inducer of radioresistance, with a focus on epigenetic alterations. We identified UTX (KDM6A) as a putative prognostic and therapeutic target for HNSCC patients treated with radiotherapy.
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Project description:The pediatric liver cancer hepatoblastoma (HB) often expresses mutant forms of b-catenin and dysregulates the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Murine HBs can be generated by co-expressing b-catenin mutants and the constitutively active Hippo effector YAPS127A. Some human HBs also express mutant forms of NFE2L2/NRF2 (NFE2L2), a bHLH transcription factor that tempers oxidative and electrophilic stress. In doing so, NFE2L2 either suppresses or facilitates tumorigenesis in a context- and time-dependent manner. We show here that two patient-derived NFE2L2 missense mutants, L30P and R34P, markedly accelerate HB growth in association with diffuse cyst formation, an otherwise uncommon feature of human HB. Surprisingly, we found that any two members of the mutant b-catenin-YAPS127A-L30P/R34P triad were tumorigenic, thus providing direct evidence for NFE2L2’s oncogenicity. Each tumor group showed distinct features but shared a similarly deregulated set of 22 transcripts, 10 of which perfectly correlated with survival in human HBs. 17 transcripts also correlated with survival in multiple cancers. One of the most deregulated transcripts encoded Serpin E1, a serine protease inhibitor with roles in fibrinolysis, tumor growth and extracellular matrix formation. The combination of mutant b-catenin-YAPS127A-Serpin E1 neither accelerated tumor growth nor generated cysts but did promote large-scale necrosis that was often associated with the cysts seen in mutant b-catenin-YAPS127A-L30P/R34P tumor, albeit on a lesser scale. These findings establish the direct oncogencity of NFE2L2 mutants and identify key transcripts, including Serpin E1, that impact tumor growth and other HB features.
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