Project description:Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-induced human monocyte-derived macrophage (GM-Mphage) or macrophage CSF (M-CSF)-induced human monocyte-derived Mphage (M-Mphage) are distinct in terms of the resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). To elucidate the role of molecules involved in the functional differences between these Mphages, we investigated the gene expression profiles using microarray. After culture of CD14+ monocytes with CSFs, Mphages were cultured with or without BCG (GM-Mf-BCG and M-Mf-BCG). The gene expression profiles from these cells were compared. Chemokines highly expressed in M-Mphages were selected and evaluated for antimycobacterial activity and superoxide production. FN1 and FCGR2B were the most up-regulated genes in GM-Mphage and M-Mphage, respectively. After the stimulation with BCG, 3 chemokine genes (Osteopontin (SPP1), CXC chemokine ligand 7 (CXCL7), and CC chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11)) were highly expressed in M-Mphage-BCG when compared to those in GM-Mf-BCG. A significantly increased resistance to M. tuberculosis H37Ra was observed after the stimulation of GM-Mphage with SPP1 or CXCL7. Superoxide production levels of SPP1- or CXCL7-stimulated GM-Mphages were higher than those of GM-Mphages without stimulation. These results indicate that both SPP1 and CXCL7 might have a role in the resistance against mycobacteria, at least in part, through augmenting reactive oxygen intermediates production in Mphages.
Project description:In this study, we demonstrated that BMP-2 induced ectopic bone marrow presents microstructure, cellularity and functional hematopoiesis, and is a fully optimized microenvironment capable of sustaining the hematopoietic stem cells and the bone marrow niche-associated CXC-chemokine-ligand-12 (CXCL12)-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, comparably to native bone marrow.
Project description:Precancerous tissue microenvironment is thought to be important for tumorigenesis when cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) begin to grow, though underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we uncovered critical roles of luminal progenitor cells expressing FRS2β, an inhibitory adaptor for ErbB signaling, to create the cytokines-rich CSC niche in mammary tissues. Deficiency of FRS2β greatly decreased mammary tumorigenesis with decreased tumor stroma in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-ErbB2 mice. Moreover, FRS2β-deficient precancerous mammary tissues did not allow tumorigenesis derived from xenografted wild type FRS2β tumor cells. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 and CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12, stemness- and stroma-inducing cytokines, respectively, were expressed at low levels in FRS2β-deficient precancerous mammary cells. Treatment with inhibitors against these cytokines in precancerous mice greatly decreased tumorigenic potential. In addition, human breast cancer tissues in which FRS2β is highly expressed in tumor cells harbor more stroma, and are associated with poor prognosis. Thus, cytokines-rich CSC niche and tumor microenvironment induced by FRS2β expressed in luminal progenitor cells and tumor cells play important roles for tumorigenesis.
Project description:Analysis of gene expression profiles identified a mycobacterial tRNA-induced innate immune network resulting in the robust production of IL-12p70, a cytokine required to instruct an adaptive Th1 response for host defense against intracellular bacteria.
Project description:Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle, Clec4e) is a pathogen sensor that recognizes pathogenic fungi and Mycobactrium tuberculosis. We perfomed microarray analysis using peritoneal macrophages stimulated with TDM, a mycobacterial cell wall glycolipid that is known to be a Mincle ligand. Many chemokine and cytokine genes were upregulated in wildtype macrophages stimulated with TDM. Upregulation of these genes were completely abolishd in Mincle KO macrophages.
Project description:Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle, Clec4e) is a pathogen sensor that recognizes pathogenic fungi and Mycobactrium tuberculosis. We perfomed microarray analysis using peritoneal macrophages stimulated with TDM, a mycobacterial cell wall glycolipid that is known to be a Mincle ligand. Many chemokine and cytokine genes were upregulated in wildtype macrophages stimulated with TDM. Upregulation of these genes were completely abolishd in Mincle KO macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages from WT and Mincle KO mice were stimulated with TDM or vehicle for 24 h (3 samples each). Microarray analysis was performed using Affymetrix Mouse 430 2.0.
Project description:In order to elucidate the relationship between CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and embryonic organogenesis, we performed 3' mRNA-seq on control and AMD3100-treated eSMGs.
Project description:Best known for their roles in allergic diseases, the physiologic function of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and mast cells (the so-called allergy module of immunity) has been enigmatic. Recent evidence shows that allergic reactions can help to protect against the toxicity of venoms. As bacteria are a potent alternative source of toxins, we assessed the potential role of the allergy module in antibacterial host defense. We observed that the immune response against S. aureus skin infection includes specific IgEs and substantially improves systemic host defense against secondary S. aureus infections in mice. This acquired protection depends on functional IgE effector mechanisms and mast cells. Our results reveal the powerful antibacterial potential of the allergy module and therefore a novel physiologic function of IgEs and mast cells.
