Homo sapiens
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA93679 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Accumulated evidence proves that mature spermatozoa contain a complex yet specific mRNA, which could provide information of the past events of spermatogenesis. Our aim was to quantitatively microdissect these mRNA transcripts by a digital approach. SAGE was used to study the mRNA transcripts from ejaculate of an individual and of a pool of 10 fertile men. SAGE library from individual produced 20237 raw tags representing 2459 unique tags (those tags that show at least twice in the library), and that from pooled 10 men generated 21052 raw tags representing 2712 unique tags. The SAGE view of ejaculate of fertile men has revealed a large number of transcripts, which occur in steady frequencies and probably have important implications in the spermatogenesis and fertilization. Keywords: normal gene expression profile
2005-11-11 | GSE3587 | GEO
Project description:Expression data from ejaculated spermatozoa of normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic men
| PRJNA127503 | ENA
Project description:Kynureninase is a member of a large family of catalytically diverse but structurally homologous pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes known as the aspartate aminotransferase superfamily or alpha-family. The Homo sapiens and other eukaryotic constitutive kynureninases preferentially catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine to produce 3-hydroxyanthranilate and l-alanine, while l-kynurenine is the substrate of many prokaryotic inducible kynureninases. The human enzyme was cloned with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag, expressed, and purified from a bacterial expression system using Ni metal ion affinity chromatography. Kinetic characterization of the recombinant enzyme reveals classic Michaelis-Menten behavior, with a Km of 28.3 +/- 1.9 microM and a specific activity of 1.75 micromol min-1 mg-1 for 3-hydroxy-dl-kynurenine. Crystals of recombinant kynureninase that diffracted to 2.0 A were obtained, and the atomic structure of the PLP-bound holoenzyme was determined by molecular replacement using the Pseudomonas fluorescens kynureninase structure (PDB entry 1qz9) as the phasing model. A structural superposition with the P. fluorescens kynureninase revealed that these two structures resemble the "open" and "closed" conformations of aspartate aminotransferase. The comparison illustrates the dynamic nature of these proteins' small domains and reveals a role for Arg-434 similar to its role in other AAT alpha-family members. Docking of 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine into the human kynureninase active site suggests that Asn-333 and His-102 are involved in substrate binding and molecular discrimination between inducible and constitutive kynureninase substrates.
| S-EPMC2531291 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RNA extracted at 240min. Samples are rRNA depleted. Expression measurement of Homo sapiens genes.
2019-07-31 | GSE114179 | GEO
Project description:The problem of the male reproductive system has both medical and social importance. It is highlighted that spermatozoa or seminal plasma are suitable samples for proteomic analysis of the male reproductive system. We suggested that the ejaculate could serve as one of the analytic specimens to determine fertility, which obtainable with relative ease and which contains many proteins. Moreover, the testis-specific proteins could form the basis of protein panel for detecting disorders associated with male infertility. The current study aimed to examine the ejaculate proteome compared to the spermatozoa and seminal plasma proteomes to determine a panel of proteins that can be used to assess sperm quality. Our results showed that the ejaculate represented a productive source for understanding the male reproductive physiology and could serve as a potential origin for the identification of novel protein biomarkers related to spermatozoa function in infertile. We believe that proteomic analysis based on testis-specific proteins of ejaculate along with spermatozoa (or even instead) can be useful for distinguishing the fertile, sub fertile, and infertile men.
2024-05-23 | PXD046848 | Pride
Project description:As the evolution of miRNA genes has been found to be one of the important factors in formation of the modern type of man, we performed a comparative analysis of the evolution of miRNA genes in two archaic hominines, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens denisova, and elucidated the expression of their target mRNAs in bain.A comparative analysis of the genomes of primates, including species in the genus Homo, identified a group of miRNA genes having fixed substitutions with important implications for the evolution of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens denisova. The mRNAs targeted by miRNAs with mutations specific for Homo sapiens denisova exhibited enhanced expression during postnatal brain development in modern humans. By contrast, the expression of mRNAs targeted by miRNAs bearing variations specific for Homo sapiens neanderthalensis was shown to be enhanced in prenatal brain development.Our results highlight the importance of changes in miRNA gene sequences in the course of Homo sapiens denisova and Homo sapiens neanderthalensis evolution. The genetic alterations of miRNAs regulating the spatiotemporal expression of multiple genes in the prenatal and postnatal brain may contribute to the progressive evolution of brain function, which is consistent with the observations of fine technical and typological properties of tools and decorative items reported from archaeological Denisovan sites. The data also suggest that differential spatial-temporal regulation of gene products promoted by the subspecies-specific mutations in the miRNA genes might have occurred in the brains of Homo sapiens denisova and Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, potentially contributing to the cultural differences between these two archaic hominines.
| S-EPMC4686780 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of the study was to identify the fertility-associated metabolites in bovine spermatozoa using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Six Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls (three high-fertile and three low-fertile bulls) were the experimental animals. Sperm proteins were isolated and protein-normalized samples were processed for metabolite extraction and subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis. Mass spectrometry data were processed using iMETQ software and metabolites were identified using Human Metabolome DataBase while, Metaboanalyst 4.0 tool was used for statistical and pathway analysis. A total of 3,704 metabolites belonging to various chemical classes were identified in bull spermatozoa. After sorting out exogenous metabolites, 56 metabolites were observed common to both the groups while 44 and 35 metabolites were found unique to high- and low-fertile spermatozoa, respectively. Among the common metabolites, concentrations of 19 metabolites were higher in high-fertile compared to low-fertile spermatozoa (fold change > 1.00). Spermatozoa metabolites with variable importance in projections score of more than 1.5 included hypotaurine, d-cysteine, selenocystine. In addition, metabolites such as spermine and l-cysteine were identified exclusively in high-fertile spermatozoa. Collectively, the present study established the metabolic profile of bovine spermatozoa and identified the metabolomic differences between spermatozoa from high- and low-fertile bulls. Among the sperm metabolites, hypotaurine, selenocysteine, l-malic acid, d-cysteine, and chondroitin 4-sulfate hold the potential to be recognized as fertility-associated metabolites.
2021-12-07 | MTBLS1071 | MetaboLights
Project description:PurposeWe investigated the evidence of recent positive selection in the human phototransduction system at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and gene level.MethodsSNP genotyping data from the International HapMap Project for European, Eastern Asian, and African populations was used to discover differences in haplotype length and allele frequency between these populations. Numeric selection metrics were computed for each SNP and aggregated into gene-level metrics to measure evidence of recent positive selection. The level of recent positive selection in phototransduction genes was evaluated and compared to a set of genes shown previously to be under recent selection, and a set of highly conserved genes as positive and negative controls, respectively.ResultsSix of 20 phototransduction genes evaluated had gene-level selection metrics above the 90th percentile: RGS9, GNB1, RHO, PDE6G, GNAT1, and SLC24A1. The selection signal across these genes was found to be of similar magnitude to the positive control genes and much greater than the negative control genes.ConclusionsThere is evidence for selective pressure in the genes involved in retinal phototransduction, and traces of this selective pressure can be demonstrated using SNP-level and gene-level metrics of allelic variation. We hypothesize that the selective pressure on these genes was related to their role in low light vision and retinal adaptation to ambient light changes. Uncovering the underlying genetics of evolutionary adaptations in phototransduction not only allows greater understanding of vision and visual diseases, but also the development of patient-specific diagnostic and intervention strategies.
| S-EPMC3743458 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cortical thickness has been investigated since the beginning of the 20th century, but we do not know how similar the cortical thickness profiles among humans are. In this study, the local similarity of cortical thickness profiles was investigated using sliding window methods. Here, we show that approximately 5% of the cortical thickness profiles are similarly expressed among humans while 45% of the cortical thickness profiles show a high level of heterogeneity. Therefore, heterogeneity is the rule, not the exception. Cortical thickness profiles of somatosensory homunculi and the anterior insula are consistent among humans, while the cortical thickness profiles of the motor homunculus are more variable. Cortical thickness profiles of homunculi that code for muscle position and skin stimulation are highly similar among humans despite large differences in sex, education, and age. This finding suggests that the structure of these cortices remains well preserved over a lifetime. Our observations possibly relativize opinions on cortical plasticity.
| S-EPMC5738339 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gene expression profiling of immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells with hTERT/E6/E7 transfected MSCs. hTERT may change gene expression in MSCs. Goal was to determine the gene expressions of immortalized MSCs.
2010-09-25 | GSE24338 | GEO