Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter portucalensis, and Aeromonas hydrophila
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PROVIDER: PRJNA937283 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century, and biofilm formation enables bacteria to resist antibiotic at much higher concentrations than planktonic cells. Earlier, we showed that the Gram-negative Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter portucalensis RIT669 (closely related to C. freundii NBRC 12681) from infected spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata), formed biofilms and upregulated toxin expression on plastic surfaces, and were predicted to possess multiple antibiotic resistance genes. Here, we show that they each resist several antibiotics in the planktonic phase, but were susceptible to neomycin, and high concentrations of tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. The susceptibility of their biofilms to neomycin and cotrimoxazole was tested using the Calgary device. For A. hydrophila, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 500-1000, and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) > 1000 μg/mL, using cotrimoxazole, and MIC = 32.3-62.5, and MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using neomycin. For C. freundii MIC = 7.8-15.6, and, MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using cotrimoxazole, and MIC = 7.8, and MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using neomycin. Both A. hydrophila and C. portucalensis activated an acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) dependent biosensor, suggesting that quorum sensing could mediate biofilm formation. Their multidrug resistance in the planktonic form, and weak biofilm eradication even with neomycin and cotrimoxazole, indicate that A. hydrophila and C. portucalensis are potential zoonotic pathogens, with risks for patients living with implants.
| S-EPMC7698337 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) is one of the most important ecological breeding species with distinct characteristics and is cultured in many locations throughout China. In the present study, the transcriptome of A. davidianus spleen tissue, that had challenged with Citrobacter freundii, was analyzed using Illumina sequencing technology. The result was compared to a heathy control group. After assembly and annotation, 128,540 transcripts were generated with a median length of 349 bp. Comparative expression analysis indicated 1,995 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 812 of which were up-regulated and 1,183 were down-regulated. Furthermore, DEGs were classified into three gene ontology categories, 535 of which were annotated to 237 KEGG pathways. Finally, six immune-related DEGs involved in the immune-related pathways were randomly selected for scrutinization. This work provides valuable data for an improved understanding the defense mechanisms of A. davidianus against bacterial pathogens at the transcriptional level.
2019-09-12 | GSE137296 | GEO
Project description:Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter freundii RIT669 were isolated from endangered spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata). Whole-genome sequencing, annotation and phylogenetic analyses of the genomes revealed that the closest relative of RIT668 is A. hydrophila ATCC 7966 and Citrobacter portucalensis A60 for RIT669. Resistome analysis showed that A. hydrophila and C. freundii harbor six and 19 different antibiotic resistance genes, respectively. Both bacteria colonize polyethylene and polypropylene, which are common plastics, found in the environment and are used to fabricate medical devices. The expression of six biofilm-related genes-biofilm peroxide resistance protein (bsmA), biofilm formation regulatory protein subunit R (bssR), biofilm formation regulatory protein subunit S (bssS), biofilm formation regulator (hmsP), toxin-antitoxin biofilm protein (tabA) and transcriptional activator of curli operon (csgD)-and two virulence factors-Vi antigen-related gene (viaB) and Shiga-like toxin (slt-II)-was investigated by RT-PCR. A. hydrophila displayed a >2-fold increase in slt-II expression in cells adhering to both polymers, C. freundii adhering on polyethylene displayed a >2-fold, and on polypropylene a >6-fold upregulation of slt-II. Thus, the two new isolates are potential pathogens owing to their drug resistance, surface colonization and upregulation of a slt-II-type diarrheal toxin on polymer surfaces.
| S-EPMC7465454 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeNDM-1-producing Citrobacter portucalensis and Citrobacter freundii simultaneously occurred in a hospital. This study aims to characterize the bla NDM-1-carrying plasmids in these Citrobacter strains.MethodsCf7303, Cf7308, and Cf7313 were recovered from three patients in a teaching hospital from September 24 to October 1, 2021. Bacteria were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and antibiotics susceptibility tests were determined by VITEK® 2 compact system. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using the HiSeq Illumina and QNome platform to characterize the genomes.ResultsCf7303 was identified as C. portucalensis Sequence Type 328 by WGS, and harbored two plasmids, namely pCf7303 and a novel IncFIB pNDM-Cf7303 on which antibiotic-resistant genes (bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla NDM-1, aac (3)-IId, aadA2, fosA3, sul1, sul2, catA2, tetD, dfrA12, qacEdelta1, mph(A), and ble MBL) are located. C. freundii strain Cf7308 and Cf7313 belonged to the same Sequence Type 98. Cf7308 contained two plasmids, pCf7308, and an IncN1 pNDM-Cf7308 with homology to pNDM-BTR in E. coli and pNDM-CWH001 in C. freundii.ConclusionWe characterized a putatively novel IncFIB plasmid carrying bla NDM-1 in C. portucalensis. In addition, the closely related bla NDM-1-carrying IncN1 plasmids in E. coli and C. freundii suggest that interspecies or intraspecies horizontal transfer occurs in China.
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Project description:Citrobacter spp. in wastewater and surface water systems of the Czech Republic
| PRJNA1141243 | ENA
Project description:Sepsis resulting from microbial colonization of the bloodstream is a serious health concern associated with high mortality rates. The objective of this study was to define the physiologic requirements of Citrobacter freundii in the bloodstream as a model for bacteremia caused by opportunistic Gram-negative pathogens. A genetic screen in a murine host identified 177 genes that contributed significantly to fitness, the majority of which were broadly classified as having metabolic or cellular maintenance functions. Among the pathways examined, the Tat protein secretion system conferred the single largest fitness contribution during competition infections and a putative Tat-secreted protein, SufI, was also identified as a fitness factor. Additional work was focused on identifying relevant metabolic pathways for bacteria in the bloodstream environment. Mutations that eliminated the use of glucose or mannitol as carbon sources in vitro resulted in loss of fitness in the murine model and similar results were obtained upon disruption of the cysteine biosynthetic pathway. Finally, the conservation of identified fitness factors was compared within a cohort of Citrobacter bloodstream isolates and between Citrobacter and Serratia marcescens, the results of which suggest the presence of conserved strategies for bacterial survival and replication in the bloodstream environment.
| S-EPMC6081441 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The ability of a bacterial population to survive in different niches, as well as in stressful and rapidly changing environmental conditions, depends greatly on its genetic content. To survive such fluctuating conditions, bacteria have evolved different mechanisms to modulate phenotypic variations and related strategies to produce high levels of genetic diversity. Laboratories working in microbiological diagnosis have shown that Citrobacter freundii is very versatile in its colony morphology, as well as in its biochemical, antigenic and pathogenic behaviours. This phenotypic versatility has made C. freundii difficult to identify and it is frequently confused with both Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. In order to determine the genomic events and to explain the mechanisms involved in this plasticity, six C. freundii isolates were selected from a phenotypic variation study. An I-CeuI genomic cleavage map was created and eight housekeeping genes, including 16S rRNA, were sequenced. In general, the results showed a range of both phenotypes and genotypes among the isolates with some revealing a greater similarity to C. freundii and some to S. enterica, while others were identified as phenotypic and genotypic intermediary states between the two species. The occurrence of these events in natural populations may have important implications for genomic diversification in bacterial evolution, especially when considering bacterial species boundaries. In addition, such events may have a profound impact on medical science in terms of treatment, course and outcomes of infectious diseases, evading the immune response, and understanding host-pathogen interactions.
| S-EPMC3771896 | biostudies-literature
Project description:During a surveillance study conducted to assess the occurrence and genomic landscape of critical priority pathogens circulating at the human-animal-environment interface in Brazil, as part of the Grand Challenges Explorations-New Approaches to Characterize the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance program, two multidrug-resistant (MDR) Citrobacter portucalensis carrying blaCTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, isolated from green sea turtles, were characterized. Genomic and phylogeographical analysis of C. portucalensis genomes available in public databases revealed the intercontinental dissemination of clades carrying different arrays of clinically relevant genes conferring resistance to carbapenems, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, cephamycins, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, disinfectants, and heavy metals. Our observations suggest that C. portucalensis could be emerging as critical priority bacteria of both public and One Health importance worldwide. IMPORTANCE The global spread of antibiotic-resistant priority pathogens beyond the hospital setting is a critical issue within a One Health context that integrates the human-animal-environment interfaces. On the other hand, next-generation sequencing technologies along with user-friendly and high-quality bioinformatics tools have improved the identification of bacterial species, and bacterial resistance surveillance. The novel Citrobacter portucalensis species was proposed in 2017 after taxonomic reclassification and definition of the strain A60T isolated in 2008. Here, we presented genomic data showing the occurrence of multidrug-resistant C. portucalensis isolates carrying blaCTX-M-15 ESBL genes in South America. Additionally, we observed the intercontinental dissemination of clades harboring a broad resistome to clinically relevant antibiotics. Therefore, these findings highlight that C. portucalensis is a global MDR bacteria that carries intrinsic blaCMY- and qnrB-type genes and has become a critical priority pathogen due to the acquisition of clinically relevant resistance determinants, such as ESBL and carbapenemase-encoding genes.
| S-EPMC9045157 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Citrobacter freundii is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for many urinary tract infections acquired in hospitals and is thus a concern for public health. C. freundii phage Stevie might prove beneficial as a treatment against these infections. The complete genome of Stevie and its key features are described here.
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Project description:Citrobacter braakii and Citrobacter freundii are Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens associated with many infectious diseases, including septicemia, in humans and animals. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of seven C. braakii strains and one C. freundii strain isolated from Canadian wastewater treatment facilities.
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