Stay or Go: Sulfolobales Biofilm Dispersal is Dependent on a Bifunctional VapB Antitoxin
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PROVIDER: PRJNA940422 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:A Type II VapB14 Antitoxin regulates biofilm dispersal in the archaeal thermoacidophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, not only through traditional Toxin neutralization but also through noncanonical transcriptional regulation. Type II VapC Toxins are ribonucleases that are neutralized by their proteinaceous cognate Type II VapB Antitoxin. VapB Antitoxins have a flexible tail at their C-terminus that covers the Toxin’s active site neutralizing its activity. VapB Antitoxins also have a DNA binding domain at their N-terminus that allows them to not only auto-repress their own promoters but also distal targets. VapB14 Antitoxin gene deletion in S. acidocaldarius stunted biofilm and planktonic growth and increased motility structures (archaella). Conversely, planktonic cells were devoid of archaella in the ΔvapC14 cognate Toxin mutant. VapB14 is highly conserved at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels across the Sulfolobales, extremely unusual for Type II Antitoxins that are typically acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Furthermore, homologs of VapB14 are found across the Crenarchaeota, in some Euryarchaeota, and even bacteria. S. acidocaldarius vapB14 and its homolog in the thermoacidophile Metallosphaera sedula (Msed_0871) were both up-regulated in biofilm cells, supporting the role of the Antitoxin in biofilm regulation. The findings here suggest that a stand-alone VapB-type Antitoxin was the product of selective evolutionary pressure to influence biofilm formation in these archaea, a vital microbial community behavior.
2023-03-27 | GSE226483 | GEO
Project description:A type II VapB14 antitoxin regulates biofilm dispersal in the archaeal thermoacidophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius through traditional toxin neutralization but also through noncanonical transcriptional regulation. Type II VapC toxins are ribonucleases that are neutralized by their proteinaceous cognate type II VapB antitoxin. VapB antitoxins have a flexible tail at their C terminus that covers the toxin's active site, neutralizing its activity. VapB antitoxins also have a DNA-binding domain at their N terminus that allows them to autorepress not only their own promoters but also distal targets. VapB14 antitoxin gene deletion in S. acidocaldarius stunted biofilm and planktonic growth and increased motility structures (archaella). Conversely, planktonic cells were devoid of archaella in the ΔvapC14 cognate toxin mutant. VapB14 is highly conserved at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels across the Sulfolobales, extremely unusual for type II antitoxins, which are typically acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Furthermore, homologs of VapB14 are found across the Crenarchaeota, in some Euryarchaeota, and even bacteria. S. acidocaldarius vapB14 and its homolog in the thermoacidophile Metallosphaera sedula (Msed_0871) were both upregulated in biofilm cells, supporting the role of the antitoxin in biofilm regulation. In several Sulfolobales species, including M. sedula, homologs of vapB14 and vapC14 are not colocalized. Strikingly, Sulfuracidifex tepidarius has an unpaired VapB14 homolog and lacks a cognate VapC14, illustrating the toxin-independent conservation of the VapB14 antitoxin. The findings here suggest that a stand-alone VapB-type antitoxin was the product of selective evolutionary pressure to influence biofilm formation in these archaea, a vital microbial community behavior. IMPORTANCE Biofilms allow microbes to resist a multitude of stresses and stay proximate to vital nutrients. The mechanisms of entering and leaving a biofilm are highly regulated to ensure microbial survival, but are not yet well described in archaea. Here, a VapBC type II toxin-antitoxin system in the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was shown to control biofilm dispersal through a multifaceted regulation of the archaeal motility structure, the archaellum. The VapC14 toxin degrades an RNA that causes an increase in archaella and swimming. The VapB14 antitoxin decreases archaella and biofilm dispersal by binding the VapC14 toxin and neutralizing its activity, while also repressing the archaellum genes. VapB14-like antitoxins are highly conserved across the Sulfolobales and respond similarly to biofilm growth. In fact, VapB14-like antitoxins are also found in other archaea, and even in bacteria, indicating an evolutionary pressure to maintain this protein and its role in biofilm formation.
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Project description:The analysis of animal movement within different landscapes may increase our understanding of how landscape features affect the perceptual range of animals. Perceptual range is linked to movement probability of an animal via a dispersal kernel, the latter being generally considered as spatially invariant but could be spatially affected. We hypothesize that spatial plasticity of an animal's dispersal kernel could greatly modify its distribution in time and space. After radio tracking the movements of walking insects (Cosmopolites sordidus) in banana plantations, we considered the movements of individuals as states of a Markov chain whose transition probabilities depended on the habitat characteristics of current and target locations. Combining a likelihood procedure and pattern-oriented modelling, we tested the hypothesis that dispersal kernel depended on habitat features. Our results were consistent with the concept that animal dispersal kernel depends on habitat features. Recognizing the plasticity of animal movement probabilities will provide insight into landscape-level ecological processes.
| S-EPMC3134457 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems (TASs) are thought to respond to various stresses, often inducing growth-arrested (persistent) sub-populations of cells whose housekeeping functions are inhibited. However, it is not always clear whether specific targets of orthologous RNAse toxins are responsible for their phenotypic effect, which has made it difficult to accurately place the multitude of TASs within cellular and adaptive regulatory networks. Here we show that the TAS HigBA can promote and inhibit bacterial growth dependent on the dosage of HigB, a toxin regulated by the DNA damage (SOS) repressor LexA in addition to its antitoxin HigA, and the target selectivity of HigBâs mRNA cleavage activity. HigB reduced the expression of an efflux pump that is toxic to a polarity control mutant, cripples the growth of cells lacking LexA and targets the cell cycle circuitry. Thus, TASs can have outcome switching activity in bacterial adaptive (stress) and systemic (cell cycle) networks. DNA binding of the antitoxin HigA and the SOS regulator LexA was analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation-deep sequencing, and found to overlap at only one locus, the HigBA TA system promoter
2016-02-17 | E-GEOD-76721 | biostudies-arrayexpress