Project description:BackgroundEntada phaseoloides is a well-known medicinal plant traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries.ObjectiveTo evaluate the anti-stress activity of seeds of E. phaseoloides in endoplasmic reticulum stress during chronic restrain stress in mice, based on our preliminary screening.Materials and methodsMice (n = 6/group) were restrained daily for 6 h in 50 ml polystyrene tubes for 28 days. Methanolic extract of E. phaseoloides (MEEP) (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and standard drug, imipramine (10 mg/kg i.p.) were administered daily 45 min prior to restrain from day 22-28. Then, forced swim test (FST) was performed to assess despair behavior. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes Reduced glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in the hippocampus of mice. 78 kDa Glucose-regulated Protein, 94 kDa Glucose-regulated Protein, C/EBP homologous protein, Caspase-12 expression were quantified by Real Time PCR.ResultsMEEP significantly reduced the immobility time in FST (P < 0.001). Significant reduction of LPO (P < 0.05) level and restored antioxidant enzymes viz. GSH (P < 0.001) and SOD towards vehicle control group were observed. Down-regulation of genes GRP 78, GRP 94 (P < 0.001), CHOP and Caspase-12 (P < 0.001) as compared to the chronic restrain stress group was evident, which were upregulated following treatment. Isolation of the active components of the seeds revealed the presence of Oleic acid (1), Entadamide A (2), Entadamide A-beta-d-glucopyranoside (3) and 1-O-protocatechuoyl-β-d-glucose.ConclusionMEEP altered endoplasmic reticulum stress in chronic restrain stressed mice; however, as an antidepressant it showed a weaker response.
Project description:Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been established as antibacterial nanoparticles and have been innovatively developed to overcome the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the environment. In this study, an environmentally friendly and easy method of the biosynthesis of Ag-NPs plants, mediated by aqueous extract stem extract of Entada spiralis (E. spiralis), was successfully developed. The E. spiralis/Ag-NPs samples were characterized using spectroscopy and the microscopic technique of UV-visible (UV-vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FETEM), zeta potential, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) absorption at 400-450 nm in the UV-vis spectra established the formation of E. spiralis/Ag-NPs. The crystalline structure of E. spiralis/Ag-NPs was displayed in the XRD analysis. The small size, around 18.49 ± 4.23 nm, and spherical shape of Ag-NPs with good distribution was observed in the FETEM image. The best physicochemical parameters on Ag-NPs biosynthesis using E. spiralis extract occurred at a moderate temperature (~52.0°C), 0.100 M of silver nitrate, 2.50 g of E. spiralis dosage and 600 min of stirring reaction time. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris using an antibacterial disk diffusion assay. Based on the results, it is evident that E. spiralis/Ag-NPs are susceptible to all the bacteria and has promising potential to be applied in both the industry and medical fields.
Project description:The Splinter bean, Entada abyssinica, is widely used in folk medicine. In the current work, we profiled the secondary metabolites from E. abyssinica bark extract using LC-MS and investigated its effect on cryopreserved ram semen. Twenty-eight compounds, including tannins and gallic acid derivatives that prevailed in the extract, were tentatively identified. Results showed that the quality of the post-thawed semen showed a significant improvement when the extract was added to the extender at a concentration of 375 ?g/mL. The progressive motility and plasma membrane integrity of sperm cells were significantly increased in the post-thawed semen; however, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was insignificantly increased. A significant decrease in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was detected as well. No significant changes were observed in activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) within the treated samples. Intact sperm percentage was significantly increased, while apoptotic and necrotic sperm percentages were reduced significantly. Molecular docking of some individual components from the extract revealed their potential to interfere with the apoptosis cascade in which Bcl-2 is involved. In conclusion, Entada abyssinica appears to be useful for cryopreservation presumably owing to its polyphenol content that has potent antioxidant capacity scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhancing the endogenous antioxidant system and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.