Malnutrition and Enteric Disease Network (Mal-ED) Case-Control Study in Brazil
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PROVIDER: PRJNA943333 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Malnutrition and Enteric Disease Network (Mal-ED) Case-Control Study in Brazil
| PRJNA922668 | ENA
Project description:Malnutrition and Enteric Disease Network (Mal-ED) Birth Cohort in Brazil
| PRJNA943332 | ENA
Project description:Malnutrition and Enteric Disease Network (Mal-ED) Birth Cohort in Brazil
| PRJNA922667 | ENA
Project description:RP-UPLC-FTMS (+/- ion detection) were conducted on hippocampi from healthy (CON) and malnourished (MAL) mice, and MAL-BG (malnutrition plus E.coli/Bacteroidales exposure) mice.
2020-04-24 | ST001366 | MetabolomicsWorkbench
Project description:Most vaccine assessments have occurred in well-nourished populations of higher socioeconomic status. However, vaccines are often used in populations with high incidences of malnutrition and infections, in whom the effectiveness of some vaccines is inferior for unknown reasons. The degree and extent of vaccine underperformance have not been systematically studied for most vaccines across differing epidemiologic settings. This paper outlines the methods used and challenges associated with measuring immunological responses to oral vaccines against poliovirus and rotavirus, and parenteral vaccines against pertussis, tetanus, and measles in an observational study that monitored daily illness, monthly growth, intestinal inflammation and permeability, pathogen burden, dietary intake, and micronutrient status in children in 8 countries. This evaluation of vaccine response in the context of low- and middle-income countries is intended to address the gaps in knowledge of the heterogeneity in vaccine response in diverse epidemiological settings and the interplay between infections, nutrition, and immune response.
| S-EPMC4204607 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundStunting results from decreased food intake, poor diet quality, and a high burden of early childhood infections, and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although food insecurity is an important determinant of child nutrition, including stunting, development of universal measures has been challenging due to cumbersome nutritional questionnaires and concerns about lack of comparability across populations. We investigate the relationship between household food access, one component of food security, and indicators of nutritional status in early childhood across eight country sites.MethodsWe administered a socioeconomic survey to 800 households in research sites in eight countries, including a recently validated nine-item food access insecurity questionnaire, and obtained anthropometric measurements from children aged 24 to 60 months. We used multivariable regression models to assess the relationship between household food access insecurity and anthropometry in children, and we assessed the invariance of that relationship across country sites.ResultsAverage age of study children was 41 months. Mean food access insecurity score (range: 0-27) was 5.8, and varied from 2.4 in Nepal to 8.3 in Pakistan. Across sites, the prevalence of stunting (42%) was much higher than the prevalence of wasting (6%). In pooled regression analyses, a 10-point increase in food access insecurity score was associated with a 0.20 SD decrease in height-for-age Z score (95% CI 0.05 to 0.34 SD; p = 0.008). A likelihood ratio test for heterogeneity revealed that this relationship was consistent across countries (p = 0.17).ConclusionsOur study provides evidence of the validity of using a simple household food access insecurity score to investigate the etiology of childhood growth faltering across diverse geographic settings. Such a measure could be used to direct interventions by identifying children at risk of illness and death related to malnutrition.
| S-EPMC3584951 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Microbes Malnutrition Microglia
| PRJNA575001 | ENA
Project description:BackgroundBreastfeeding is known to reduce the risk of enteropathogen infections, but protection from specific enteropathogens is not well characterized.ObjectiveThe aim was to estimate the association between full breastfeeding (days fed breast milk exclusively or with nonnutritive liquids) and enteropathogen detection.MethodsA total of 2145 newborns were enrolled at 8 sites, of whom 1712 had breastfeeding and key enteropathogen data through 6 mo. We focused on 11 enteropathogens: adenovirus 40/41, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter spp., and typical enteropathogenic E. coli as well as entero-aggregative E. coli, Shigella and Cryptosporidium. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of enteropathogen detection in stools and survival analysis was used to estimate the timing of first detection of an enteropathogen.ResultsInfants with 10% more days of full breastfeeding within the preceding 30 d of a stool sample were less likely to have the 3 E. coli and Campylobacter spp. detected in their stool (mean odds: 0.92-0.99) but equally likely (0.99-1.02) to have the viral pathogens detected in their stool. A 10% longer period of full breastfeeding from birth was associated with later first detection of the 3 E. coli, Campylobacter, adenovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus (mean HRs of 0.52-0.75). The hazards declined and point estimates were not statistically significant at 3 mo.ConclusionsIn this large multicenter cohort study, full breastfeeding was associated with lower likelihood of detecting 4 important enteric pathogens in the first 6 mo of life. These results also show that full breastfeeding is related to delays in the first detection of some bacterial and viral pathogens in the stool. As several of these pathogens are risk factors for poor growth during childhood, this work underscores the importance of exclusive or full breastfeeding during the first 6 mo of life to optimize early health.
| S-EPMC8895209 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The maltose regulon (mal regulon) has previously been shown to consist of the mal gene cluster (malQP, malXCD and malAR operons) in Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, we have further elucidated the complete mal regulon in S. pneumoniae D39 using microarray analyses and β-galactosidase assays. In addition to the mal gene cluster, the complete mal regulon of S. pneumoniae D39 consists of a pullulanase (PulA), a glucosidase (DexB), a glucokinase (RokB), a PTS component (PtsG) and an amylase (AmyA2). Our microarray studies and β-galactosidase assays further showed that the LacI-family transcriptional regulator MalR represses the expression of the mal regulon in the absence of maltose. Furthermore, the role of the pleiotropic transcriptional regulator CcpA in the regulation of the mal regulon in the presence of maltose was also explored. Our microarray analysis with a ΔccpA strain showed that CcpA only represses the expression of the malXCD operon and the pulA gene in the presence of maltose. This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2015-04-23 | GSE65550 | GEO