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Leukemia relapse via genetic immune escape after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

ABSTRACT: Leukemia relapse via genetic immune escape after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

PROVIDER: PRJNA947752 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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Leukemia relapse via genetic immune escape after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Project description:Leukemia relapse via genetic immune escape after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

| PRJNA947751 | ENA

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Immune Escape after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

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Expression of CD94 and CD96 on CD8+ T cells early after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is predictive of subsequent disease relapse and survival

Project description:Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is used widely in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancy. However relapse of malignant disease is the primary cause of treatment failure and reflects loss of the immunological graft versus leukaemia effect. We studied the transcriptional and phenotypic profile of CD8+ T cells in the first month following transplantation and related this to risk of subsequent relapse. Single cell transcriptional profiling identified 5 discrete CD8+ T cell clusters. High levels of T cell activation and acquisition of a regulatory transcriptome were apparent in patients who went on to suffer disease relapse. A relapse-associated gene signature of 39 genes was then assessed in a confirmation cohort of 34 patients. High level expression of the inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A on CD8+ T cells within the first month was associated with 4.8 fold increased risk of relapse and 2.7 fold reduction in survival over the subsequent 4 years. Furthermore, reduced expression of the activatory molecule CD96 was associated with 2.2 fold increased risk of relapse and 1.9 fold reduction in survival. This work identifies CD94 and CD96 as potential targets for CD8-directed immunotherapy in the very early phase following allogeneic transplantation with the potential to reduce long term relapse rates and improve patient survival.

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