Peptide YY: a Paneth cell antimicrobial peptide that maintains Candida gut commensalism.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA954888 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR24150188_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR24150188_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR24150189_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR24150189_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR24150190_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The mammalian gut secretes a family of multifunctional peptides that affect appetite, intestinal secretions, and motility, while some regulate the microbiota. We report peptide YY (PYY1-36), but not endocrine PYY3-36, is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expressed by gut epithelial Paneth Cells (PC). PC-PYY has limited antibacterial activity, but shows selective activity against virulent hyphal, but not yeast forms, of Candida albicans. 5 PC-PYY is a cationic molecule that interacts with the anionic surfaces of fungal hyphae to cause membrane disruption and transcriptional reprogramming to maintain the yeast phenotype of the fungus. PC-PYY is packaged into secretory granules and is secreted into and retained by surface mucus, which optimizes PC-PYY activity. Hence, PC-PYY acts as a selective antifungal AMP that contributes to the maintenance of gut fungal commensalism.
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Project description:Paneth cells are targets of allo-reactive T cells during acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD-related loss of Paneth cells is connected to intestinal dysbiosis and a decline of antimicrobial peptides. Glucagon-like-peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an enteroendocrine tissue hormone, produced by the intestinal L-cells, that leads to expansion of Paneth cells. Microarray-based analysis of the intestinal tract revealed upregulation of a host-defense gene signature, increased Reg3-γ and Defensin-α-4 in the teduglutide treated group compared to the vehicle treated group. these results indicate that treatment of GVHD mice the GLP-2 analogue, teduglutide, restores intestinal homeostasis with increased Paneth cells and antimicrobial peptides
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Project description:Paneth cells are antimicrobial peptide-secreting cells located at the base of the crypts of the small intestine. The proteome of Paneth cells is not well defined because of their co-existence with stem cells making it difficult to culture Panth cells alone in vitro. Using a simplied toluidine blue O method for staining mouse intestinal tissue, laser capture microdissection (LCM) to isolate cells from the crypt region and surfactant assisted one pot protein digestion, we identified more than 1,300 proteins from crypts equivalent to 18,000 cells. Compared with the proteomes of villi and smooth muscle regions, the crypt proteome is highly enriched in defensins, lysozymes and other antimicrobial peptides that are characteristic of Paneth cells. The sensitivity of the LCM-based proteomics approach was also assessed using a smaller number of cell equivalent tissues, a comparable proteomic coverage can be achieved with 3,600 cells. This work is the first proteomics study of intestinal tissue enriched with Paneth cells. The simplied workflow enables profiling of Paneth cell associated pathological changes at the proteome level directly from frozen intestinal tissue. It may also be useful for proteomics studies of other spatially resolved cell types from other tissues.
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Project description:Paneth cells are important for maintaining epithelial cell renewal and modulating innate immune function in the intestine through secretion of growth factors and antimicrobial peptides, which help sustain epithelial stem and progenitor cells and contribute to the intestinal barrier and protection against pathogenic bacteria. Here we show that the intestine-enriched miR-802 is a central regulator of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and Paneth cell function. Genetic ablation of mir-802 in mice leads to amplified ROS generation and Notch/Wnt signaling, increased intestinal epithelial turnover, impaired enterocyte differentiation and nutrient uptake, and increased enterocyte apoptosis. Mice lacking mir-802 in the intestine also exhibit Paneth cell expansion, increased antimicrobial peptide production, and protection against Salmonella infection. This phenotype relies on the miR-802 target gene Tmed9.
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Project description:Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of hospital-associated infections. In addition, highly virulent strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are currently spreading outside health care settings. Survival in the human host is largely defined by the ability of S. aureus to resist mechanisms of innate host defense, of which antimicrobial peptides form a key part especially on epithelia and in neutrophil phagosomes. Here we demonstrate that the antimicrobial-peptide sensing system aps of the standard community-associated MRSA strain MW2 controls resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. The core of aps-controlled resistance mechanisms comprised the D-alanylation of teichoic acids (dlt operon), the incorporation of cationic lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG) in the bacterial membrane (mprF), and the vraF/vraG putative antimicrobial peptide transporter. Further, the observed increased production of L-PG under the influence of cationic antimicrobial peptides was accompanied by the up-regulation of lysine biosynthesis. In noticeable difference to the aps system of S. epidermidis, only selected antimicrobial peptides strongly induced the aps response. Heterologous complementation with the S. epidermidis apsS gene indicated that this is likely caused by differences in the short extracellular loop of ApsS that interacts with the inducing antimicrobial peptide. Our study shows that the antimicrobial peptide sensor system aps is functional in the important human pathogen S. aureus, significant interspecies differences exist in the induction of the aps gene regulatory response, and aps inducibility is clearly distinguishable from effectiveness towards a given antimicrobial peptide. Keywords: Wild type control vs treated vs mutant Wild type untreated in triplicate is compared to wild type treated in triplicate along with three mutants in triplicate with and without treatment of indolicidin, totalling 30 samples
2008-04-06 | E-GEOD-8400 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The impact of removal of Mll1 in intestinal Paneth cells expressing an constitutively active form of beta-catenin (beta-cateninGOF) was analysed in 4 pairs of sorted Paneth cells of Lgr5-CreERT2; beta-cateninGOF;Mll1+/- (control) and Lgr5-CreERT2; beta-cateninGOF;Mll1-/- (knockout) mice at 10 days after tamoxifen-induced mutagenesis. Using 75-base-pair reads, around 30 million reads per sample with comparable unique mapped reads (52-93%) were obtained. To analyze differentially expressed genes, we applied DESeq2 analysis to the RNA-seq dataset. Differentially expressed genes in beta-cateninGOF; Mll1-/- versus beta-cateninGOF; Mll1+/- Paneth cells showed both up- and downregulation of genes at a false discovery rate (FDR) of 10%. This included a global increase in the expression of goblet cell-specific genes. Downregulated genes included specific markers of Paneth cells, indicating that ablation of Mll1 in Paneth cells shifted their identity towards a mixed Paneth-goblet cell fate.
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