ARID1B controls transcriptional programs of axon projection in an organoid model of the human corpus callosum
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA966891 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Formation of cortical connections requires the precise coordination of several discrete stages. This is particularly significant with regard to the corpus callosum, the largest white matter structure bridging both cerebral hemispheres, whose development undergoes several dynamic stages including the crossing of axon projections, the elimination of exuberant projections, and the myelination of established tracts. To comprehensively characterize the molecular events in this dynamic process, we set to determine the distinct temporal expression of proteins regulating the formation of the corpus callosum and their respective developmental functions. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling was performed on early postnatal mouse corpus callosi, for which limited evidence has been obtained previously, using stable isotope of labeled amino acids in mammals (SILAM). The analyzed corpus callosi had distinct proteomic profiles depending on age, indicating rapid progression of specific molecular events during this period. The proteomic expression profiles were then segregated into five separate protein clusters, each with distinct trajectories relevant to their intended developmental functions. Our analysis both confirms many previously-identified proteins in aspects of corpus callosum development, and identifies new candidates in understudied areas of development including callosal axon refinement. We present a valuable resource for identifying new proteins integral to corpus callosum development that will provide new insights into the development and diseases afflicting this structure.
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Project description:How developing axons in the corpus callosum (CC) achieve their homotopic projection to the contralateral cortex remains unclear. We found that axonal position within the CC plays a critical role in this projection. Labeling of nearby callosal axons in mice showed that callosal axons were segregated in an orderly fashion, with those from more medial cerebral cortex located more dorsally and subsequently projecting to more medial contralateral cortical regions. The normal axonal order within the CC was grossly disturbed when semaphorin3A/neuropilin-1 signaling was disrupted. However, the order in which axons were positioned within the CC still determined their contralateral projection, causing a severe disruption of the homotopic contralateral projection that persisted at postnatal day 30, when the normal developmental refinement of contralateral projections is completed in wild-type (WT) mice. Thus, the orderly positioning of axons within the CC is a primary determinant of how homotopic interhemispheric projections form in the contralateral cortex.
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Project description:We report two sets of potential circadian clock target genes by high-throughput transcriptome profiling (RNA-sequencing): one set from the corpus callosum of the adult mouse brain and the other set from adult neural stem cell cultured from the SVZ (neurospheres) of the mouse brain. First, the corpus callosum was dissected from three adult wild-type and two Bmal1 knockout (Bmal1-/-) mice, mRNA profiles were generated by deep sequencing using BGISEQ-500 RNA-Seq platform. The sequence reads that passed quality control were analyzed: we mapped more than 21 million total clean reads, more than 96% total Mapping Ratio, more than 86% Uniquely Mapping Ratio per sample to mouse genome. qRT-PCR validation with primers covering at least 3 known housekeeping genes and at least 5 well-known circadian clock genes were performed with SYBR Green assay. 103 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the corpus callosum of Bmal1-/- mice (58 up-regulated and 45 down-regulated genes; |log2FC| > 1 & adjusted P-value < 0.05). Hypergeometric test revealed that potential functions of circadian clock target genes in the corpus callosum are secreted proteins as signaling molecules. For the second set of data, neurospheres were cultured from the SVZ of three adult wild-type and three adult Bmal1-/- mice, mRNA profiles were generated by deep sequencing using BGISEQ-500 RNA-Seq platform. The sequence reads that passed quality control were analyzed: we mapped more than 28 million total clean reads, more than 97% total Mapping Ratio, more than 68% Uniquely Mapping Ratio per sample to mouse genome. qRT-PCR validation with at least 3 known housekeeping genes and at least 5 well-known circadian clock genes using SYBR Green assay. 30 DEGs were identified in neurospheres cultured from Bmal1-/- mice (17 up-regulated and 13 down-regulated genes; |log2FC| > 1 & adjusted P-value < 0.05). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that potential circadian clock associated functions in the SVZ (neurospheres) are controlling diverse signal transductions.
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