Host derivation of Sindbis virus influences mammalian type 1 interferon response to infection
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA981096 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Arboviruses are defined by their ability to replicate in both mosquito vectors and mammalian hosts. There is good evidence that arboviruses “prime” their progeny for infection of the next host, such as differential glycosylation of their outer glycoproteins or packaging of host ribosomal subunits. We and others have previously shown that mosquito derived viruses more efficiently infect mammalian cells than mammalian derived viruses. These observations are coherent with arboviruses acquiring host-specific adaptations, and we hypothesized that virus derived from either the mammalian host or mosquito vector will elicit different responses when infecting the mammalian host. Here we perform an RNA-sequencing analysis of the transcriptional response of Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells to infection with either mosquito (Aedes albopictus, C7/10) or mammalian (Baby Hamster Kidney, BHK) derived Sindbis virus (SINV). We show that C7/10 derived virus infection leads to a more robust transcriptional response in HEK-293s as compared to infection with the BHK derived virus. Surprisingly, despite more efficient infection, we found an increase in interferon-β (IFN-β) and interferon stimulated gene (ISG) transcripts in response to C7/10 derived virus infection versus BHK derived virus infection. However, translation of interferon stimulated genes was lower in HEK-293s infected with C7/10 derived virus, starkly contrasting with the transcriptional response. This inhibition of ISG translation is reflective of a more rapid overall shut-off of host cell translation following infection with C7/10 derived virus. Finally, we show that C7/10 derived virus infection of HEK-293 cells leads to elevated levels of phosphorylated eukaryotic translation elongation factor-2 (eEF2), identifying a potential mechanism leading to the more rapid shut-off of host translation. We postulate that the rapid shut-off of host translation in mammalian cells infected with mosquito derived virus acts to counter the IFN-β stimulated transcriptional response.
2023-09-15 | GSE234344 | GEO
Project description:Arboviruses are defined by their ability to replicate in both mosquito vectors and mammalian hosts. There is good evidence that arboviruses "prime" their progeny for infection of the next host, such as via differential glycosylation of their outer glycoproteins or packaging of host ribosomal subunits. We and others have previously shown that mosquito-derived viruses more efficiently infect mammalian cells than mammalian-derived viruses. These observations are consistent with arboviruses acquiring host-specific adaptations, and we hypothesized that a virus derived from either the mammalian host or mosquito vector elicits different responses when infecting the mammalian host. Here, we perform an RNA-sequencing analysis of the transcriptional response of Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells to infection with either mosquito (Aedes albopictus, C7/10)- or mammalian (Baby Hamster Kidney, BHK-21)-derived Sindbis virus (SINV). We show that the C7/10-derived virus infection leads to a more robust transcriptional response in HEK-293s compared to infection with the BHK-derived virus. Surprisingly, despite more efficient infection, we found an increase in interferon-β (IFN-β) and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) transcripts in response to the C7/10-derived virus infection versus the BHK-derived virus infection. However, translation of interferon-stimulated genes was lower in HEK-293s infected with the C7/10-derived virus, starkly contrasting with the transcriptional response. This inhibition of ISG translation is reflective of a more rapid overall shut-off of host cell translation following infection with the C7/10-derived virus. Finally, we show that the C7/10-derived virus infection of HEK-293 cells leads to elevated levels of phosphorylated eukaryotic translation elongation factor-2 (eEF2), identifying a potential mechanism leading to the more rapid shut-off of host translation. We postulate that the rapid shut-off of host translation in mammalian cells infected with the mosquito-derived virus acts to counter the IFN-β-stimulated transcriptional response.
| S-EPMC10458878 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Small RNAs play a critical role in host-pathogen interaction. In insects, for instance, small RNA-mediated silencing or RNA interference (RNAi) represents the main antiviral defense system. However, the antiviral role of RNAi has not been clearly proven in higher vertebrates. On the contrary, it is well established that the cell response relies on the recognition of viral RNAs by host pattern recognition receptors (PRR) to trigger the activation of the interferon pathway. Based on this evidence, we wished to contribute to this research field by identifying and characterizing small non-coding RNAs produced in mammalian cells upon RNA virus infection. We focused on Sindbis virus (SINV), the prototypical arbovirus, which by definition, is able to infect both vertebrate hosts and invertebrate vectors and triggers the interferon pathway or RNAi, respectively.
2013-11-19 | GSE48831 | GEO
Project description:Microarray analysis comparing cells that are resistant to Sindbis virus-induced cell death (clones 9, 43) versus cells that are sensitive to Sindbis virus-induced cell death (WT293) Keywords = Sindbis alphavirus functinal phenotype Keywords: repeat sample
2004-05-01 | GSE1264 | GEO
Project description:Viral small RNAs in Sindbis virus-infected mammalian cells
| PRJNA211869 | ENA
Project description:Small RNAs play a critical role in host-pathogen interaction. In insects, for instance, small RNA-mediated silencing or RNA interference (RNAi) represents the main antiviral defense system. However, the antiviral role of RNAi has not been clearly proven in higher vertebrates. On the contrary, it is well established that the cell response relies on the recognition of viral RNAs by host pattern recognition receptors (PRR) to trigger the activation of the interferon pathway. Based on this evidence, we wished to contribute to this research field by identifying and characterizing small non-coding RNAs produced in mammalian cells upon RNA virus infection. We focused on Sindbis virus (SINV), the prototypical arbovirus, which by definition, is able to infect both vertebrate hosts and invertebrate vectors and triggers the interferon pathway or RNAi, respectively. Taking advantage of large scale sequencing, we cloned and sequenced small RNAs from both mock and SINV-infected mammalian cells (HEK 293 and VERO). We identified a novel population of viral small RNAs (vsRNAs) that accumulate as 20 to 30 nt species during infection. We assessed that this viral small RNA population is modified in 3'end and derived from the activation of the cellular antiviral endoribonuclease RNaseL. Altogether our results indicate a potential role for the SINV-derived small RNAs in the host defense mechanism.
2013-11-19 | E-GEOD-48831 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Derivation of formative-like pluripotent stem cells from mammalian embryos
| PRJNA560885 | ENA
Project description:Two phases of pluripotency, naïve and primed, have been captured in vitro and studied in details1. A third formative phase was recently proposed to exist between naïve and primed phases2. Formative pluripotency entails permissiveness for direct primordial germ cell (PGC) induction and competence for blastocyst chimeras, and is characterized by transcriptional and epigenetic features intermediate of naïve and primed pluripotency. To date, however, stable pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) harboring formative features haven’t been derived from early mammalian embryos. Here we develop a method which enabled the derivation and culture of stable formative-like embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from mouse blastocysts. Formative-like mouse ESCs share molecular features characteristic of early post-implantation epiblasts and are competent for PGC-like cell induction and blastocyst chimera formation. The same culture also supported the derivation of ESCs and transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from horse blastocysts and fibroblasts, respectively. Horse ESCs/iPSCs transcriptionally resembled mouse formative cells, and could also be directly induced into PGC-like cells. Formative-like horse iPSCs could efficiently chimerize horse, mouse, goat, sheep and pig embryos. Stable formative-like PSCs will be invaluable for studying mammalian pluripotency, and our method may be broadly applicable for the derivation of PGC and chimera competent PSCs from other mammalian species.
2020-11-27 | GSE135990 | GEO
Project description:Two phases of pluripotency, naïve and primed, have been captured in vitro and studied in details1. A third formative phase was recently proposed to exist between naïve and primed phases2. Formative pluripotency entails permissiveness for direct primordial germ cell (PGC) induction and competence for blastocyst chimeras, and is characterized by transcriptional and epigenetic features intermediate of naïve and primed pluripotency. To date, however, stable pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) harboring formative features haven’t been derived from early mammalian embryos. Here we develop a method which enabled the derivation and culture of stable formative-like embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from mouse blastocysts. Formative-like mouse ESCs share molecular features characteristic of early post-implantation epiblasts and are competent for PGC-like cell induction and blastocyst chimera formation. The same culture also supported the derivation of ESCs and transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from horse blastocysts and fibroblasts, respectively. Horse ESCs/iPSCs transcriptionally resembled mouse formative cells, and could also be directly induced into PGC-like cells. Formative-like horse iPSCs could efficiently chimerize horse, mouse, goat, sheep and pig embryos. Stable formative-like PSCs will be invaluable for studying mammalian pluripotency, and our method may be broadly applicable for the derivation of PGC and chimera competent PSCs from other mammalian species.
2020-11-27 | GSE135989 | GEO