Project description:Phylogeography of Schistosoma bovis, S. curassoni and associated S. haematobium group hybrids across sub-Saharan Africa revealed by mitochondrial cox1 analyses)
Project description:Despite the clear role of adult secreted and tegumental proteins as well as egg proteins in host-parasite interactions, there has not been any in-depth proteomic analysis of these or other Schistosoma haematobium proteomes. In the current project we have carried out the first comprehensive proteomic analysis of S. haematobium. The characterisation of the molecules playing a key role at the interphase between the host and the parasite is crucial for (i) a better understanding of the parasite’s biology and, (ii) for the development of new control and diagnostic approaches to tackle parasitic infections.
Project description:Schistosome worms infect over 200 million people worldwide. They live in the host’s bloodstream and alter host immunity. Epidemiological data suggest that males and females have different responses to schistosome infection, but the effect of sex on systemic response is undetermined. Our objective was to characterize differences in peripheral blood transcriptional profiles in people with or without active Schistosoma haematobium infection and to determine whether this signature differs between males and females. mRNA was isolated using poly(A) selection and sequenced on an Illumina Hi-Seq4000 platform. Transcripts were aligned to the human hg19 reference genome and counted with the HTSeq package. Genes were compared for differential expression using DESeq2. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to identify gene networks altered in the presence of S. haematobium. We enrolled 33 participants from villages in rural Tanzania where S. haematobium is endemic. After correction for multiple comparisons, we observed 383 differentially expressed genes between those with or without S. haematobium infection when sex was included as a covariate. Heat-mapping of the genes with 1.5-fold differences in gene expression revealed clustering by S. haematobium infection status. The top networks included development, cell death and survival, cell signaling, and immunologic disease pathways. We observed a distinct whole blood transcriptional profile, as well as differences in men and women, with S. haematobium infection. Additional studies are needed to determine the clinical effects of these divergent responses. Attention to sex-based differences should be included in studies of schistosome infection.
