Project description:Given the gut microbiota involve aging processing, we performed comparative analysis of gut bacteriophage between older and young subjects using next-generation sequencing (NGS). In our previous study, we found that the Ruminococcaceae is higher in aged subjects comparing to young one. To identify the bacteriophage targeting to the Ruminococcaceae, we also access the composition of phage in the Ruminococcaceae (ATCC, TSD-27) after incubated with human stool samples. The Lactobacillus (ATCC, LGG) targeting phage was used as the control. The virome sequencing analysis using NGS indicated that Myoviridae are high enrich in young subjects and predominate in TSD-27 targeting phage.
Project description:<p>This is a study of the oral and gut microbiome of 226 mother-child dyads enrolled in the INSIGHT (Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories) study. INSIGHT is a randomized, controlled trial comparing a responsive parenting intervention designed for the primary prevention of childhood obesity against a control. </p> <p>The microbiome portion of the study was designed to investigate the relationship between a cross-sectional view of the child's microbiome (at two years of age) and the patterns of growth between birth and 2 years. These first-born children were deeply studied in this time period with data collected on a wide variety of variables including mode of delivery, sex, weight and height (collected at 7 time points), medication usage, diet information, and maternal health information (gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, smoking during pregnancy). Microbiome samples from the child (buccal swab and stool sample) and their mother (buccal swab) were collected at the child's 2-year clinical research visit. </p>
Project description:National screening programs use dried blood specimens to detect abnormal metabolism or aberrant protein function in infants shortly after birth, thus identifying disorders that are not clinically evident in the newborn period. Gut microbiota metabolites and immunological acute phase proteins are capable of revealing potential immune aberrations. Microbial metabolites interact with xenobiotic receptors (i.e., aryl hydrocarbon and pregnane-X) and maintain gastrointestinal tissue health, supported by acute-phase proteins, functioning as sensors of microbial immunomodulation and homeostasis. The delivery mode (vaginal or cesarean section) shapes the microbial colonization, which substantially modulates both the immune system's response and mucosal homeostasis.
This study profiled microbial metabolites of the kynurenine and tryptophan pathway and acute phase proteins in 134 neonatal dried blood specimens. We newly established neonatal blood levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor microbial ligands (indole-3-aldehyde, indole-3-butyric acid, and indole-3-acetamide) on the second day of life. Furthermore, we observed divergent microbial metabolic profiles in neonates born vaginally or via cesarean section, hypothesizing potential microbial immunomodulatory influence. In summary, these findings suggest the supportive role of human gut microbiota in developing and maintaining immune system homeostasis.
Project description:Here, we report analysis of both the bacterial and host transcriptome as affected by colonization of R. hominis in the mouse gut. Microbial genes required for colonization and adaptation in the murine gut, as well as host genes responding to colonization by this bacterial species, were uncovered.
Project description:Gut microbiome modulates the host immune development, yet the functional contribution of gut fungi remains elusive. We previously showed that mice colonized only with fungi displayed allergic features and fecal metabolite profiles similar to germ-free mice. To gain insights into the functional changes attributed to fungal colonization, we performed proteomic analyses of feces and small intestine of gnotobiotic mice colonized with either bacteria, fungi, or both. Comparison of fecal metaproteomic profiles between mouse groups yielded broad changes in the relative levels of bacterial, fungal and mouse proteins. Many of the detected fungal proteins have been previously reported as a part of extracellular vesicles and having immunomodulating properties. Changes in the levels of mouse proteins derived from the small intestine impacted essential cellular pathways, including lipid metabolism and apoptosis. The results show how fungal colonization impacts the host proteome and suggest an influence on the host final cellular phenotype.