Project description:We reported the gene expression profile of T47D cells treated with the organic extract of Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) sampled next to the municipal solid waste incineration plant of Bologna city. Based on a air pollution distribution model that takes the incinaration plant as point source of emission, two sites were chosen to sample particulate matter near incineration plant: "FrulloEst" representing the maximum effect of the incineration plant, "Calamosco" representing the negative control of "FrulloEst" (minimun effect of incineration plant, same effect of other air pollution fonts). Another site, "Giardini Margherita", is chosen to sample the urban background air pollution. for each site sample collection was performed in winter and in summer season.
Project description:This work aimed at studying the photochemical treatment of a landfill leachate using ultraviolet light, hydrogen peroxide, and ferrous or ferric ions, in a batch recycle photoreactor. The effect of inorganic carbon presence, pH, initial H2O2 amount (0-9990 mg L-1) as well as Fe(II) (200-600 ppm) and Fe(III) (300-700 ppm) concentrations on the total carbon removal and color change was studied. Prior to the photochemical treatment, a pretreatment process was applied; inorganic nitrogen and inorganic carbon were removed by means of air stripping and initial pH regulation, respectively. The leachate sent subsequently for photochemical treatment was free of inorganic carbon and contained only organic carbon with concentration 1200±100 mg L-1 at pH 5.1-5.3. The most favorable concentrations of H2O2 and ferric ions for carbon removal were 6660 mg L-1 and 400 ppm, respectively. Adjusting the initial pH value in the range of 2.2-5.3 had a significant effect on the organic carbon removal. The photo-Fenton-like process was more advantageous than the photo-Fenton one for leachate treatment. By applying the most favorable operating conditions, 88.7% removal of total organic carbon, 100% removal of total inorganic carbon, 96.5% removal of total nitrogen, and 98.2% color removal were achieved.
Project description:Precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET), waste tonnage, landfill gas (LFG), and leachate data were aggregated from public sources to perform a 5-10 year water balance and estimate the contributions of three water sources (precipitation, incoming waste, and leachate recycling) for 36 active municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills in Ohio, USA. Uniquely, the water balance incorporated waste decomposition, using gas collection data to inform mass loss from biodegradation. Moisture contents of 20-30% for incoming waste indicate that entrained water is the largest source of landfill moisture. Infiltration of precipitation into the landfill after ET was the second largest source. Even at facilities where a majority of the leachate generated was recirculated, it did not significantly affect the moisture content in that year. Using the water balance approach, it appears leachate recirculation is unlikely to increase moisture content above 40% by mass, a regulatory threshold in the US, which would impose stricter air pollution control requirements. However, poor stormwater management could easily allow for "bioreactor" conditions to develop. The calculated landfill moisture content was significantly affected by the assumed runoff coefficient (CRO) parameter. CRO values below 20% and above 50% produced unrealistically high or low moisture contents, respectively. This approach can assist operators and regulators in understanding the contribution of different sources to a landfill's moisture profile and avoid future operational problems.
