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Combinatorial targeting of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation suppresses tumor growth and metastases.

ABSTRACT: The Warburg effect, consisting of increased glucose uptake and glycolysis, provides metabolic energy as well as cellular building blocks for tumor growth. Inhibition of the Warburg effect with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) has been explored in clinical trials with limited efficacy. Blockage of glycolysis can induce autopahgy resulting in alternative energy generation through oxidative phosphorylation providing a potential bypass of the effects of inhibition of glycolysis. Here in we demonstrate that activation of AMPK, as a consequence of energetic stress, induces mitochondrial energy production potentially bypassing the effects of glycolysis inhibition. We thus combined blockage of glycolysis by 2DG with inhibition of the electron transfer complex I (ETC1) in the mitochondria with the clinically applicable antidiabetic drug metformin. The combination resulted in activation of AMPK and autopahgy that however rendered eventual depletion of ATP and cell death. Furthermore, combined inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration inhibited tumor growth and markedly decreased metastatic capacity in vivo. In order to understand the mechanism of these metabolic inhibitors, we performed whole genome transcriptional analysis. Human SK-4 esophageal cancer cell lines were treated with 5 different treatment groups [2 deoxy glucose (4mM), Metformin (5mM), AICAR (2mM), 2 deoxy glucose (4mM) plus Metformin (5mM) and 2 deoxy glucose (4mM) plus AICAR (2mM)] with non treated control groups for 12 hrs. Each groups was quadruplicated. Microarray experiments and data analysis were done at Dept. of Systems Biology, MDACC (Houston, USA)

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Sangbae Kim

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-16816 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Combinatorial targeting of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation suppresses tumor growth and metastases.

Project description:The Warburg effect, consisting of increased glucose uptake and glycolysis, provides metabolic energy as well as cellular building blocks for tumor growth. Inhibition of the Warburg effect with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) has been explored in clinical trials with limited efficacy. Blockage of glycolysis can induce autopahgy resulting in alternative energy generation through oxidative phosphorylation providing a potential bypass of the effects of inhibition of glycolysis. Here in we demonstrate that activation of AMPK, as a consequence of energetic stress, induces mitochondrial energy production potentially bypassing the effects of glycolysis inhibition. We thus combined blockage of glycolysis by 2DG with inhibition of the electron transfer complex I (ETC1) in the mitochondria with the clinically applicable antidiabetic drug metformin. The combination resulted in activation of AMPK and autopahgy that however rendered eventual depletion of ATP and cell death. Furthermore, combined inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration inhibited tumor growth and markedly decreased metastatic capacity in vivo. In order to understand the mechanism of these metabolic inhibitors, we performed whole genome transcriptional analysis.

2012-12-31 | GSE16816 | GEO

Transcriptional profiing of cultured adherent and non-adherent monocytes

Project description:To determine the effect of adherence on the metabolic and functional response of human monocytes. Monocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) under non-adherent and adherent conditions. To determine the role of glycolysis in LPS-induced immune responses, this pathway was inhibited by glucose deprivation or the glucose analog 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG).

2020-12-08 | GSE161839 | GEO

Proteomic analysis of mouse hearts treated with and without 2-deoxy-D-glucose

Project description:2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) is a glucose analog that is established to inhibit glucose metabolism via glycolysis. It has long been recognized as a potential chemical mimetic of calorie restriction, and it also has been shown to have anti-viral effects in infected cells, against among others SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to determine whether intermittent treatment of mice with 2DG could alter nutrient metabolism in vivo and whether this would produce a proteomic signature of altered glucose metabolism and other cellular pathways, with a view to explaining the anti-viral properties of 2DG. Parallel physiological studies of the heart aimed to relate any proteomic changes to the function and performance of the heart, including assessing whether there were any signs of detrimental effects of 2DG.

2022-05-20 | PXD027974 | Pride

Transcriptomic analysis of effects of cancer cell detachment after treatment with 2-deoxy-D-glucose alone or in co-treatment with metformin

Project description:Detachment of cancer cells from tumor, anchorage-independent survival, and maintenance of proliferative capacity upon reattachment are crucial steps in metastases formation. Better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms could help to improve targeted cancer therapies. We show reversible detachment of cancer cells using N-glycosylation inhibitors 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) and tunicamycin, with re-attached cells retaining their proliferating capacity. This phenomenon was enhanced by combining with inhibitors of the electron transport chain. Analysis of the detached MDA-MB-231 cells treated with 2DG or 2DG combined with metformin showed ER stress, upregulation of pentose phosphate pathway, stemness, and alterations in genes involved in EMT.

2024-10-20 | GSE279580 | GEO

Regulation of gene expression by glucose metabolism in mammary cell lines

Project description:Reprogramming of cancer cell metabolism toward aerobic glycolysis, i.e. the Warburg effect, is a hallmark of cancer; according to current views, the rationale for selecting such energy-inefficient metabolism is the need to increase cellular biomass to sustain production of daughter cells and proliferation. In this view, metabolic reprogramming is considered as a simple phenotypic endpoint that occurs as a consequence of signal transduction mechanisms, including oncogene-driven nutrient uptake and metabolic rewiring. A newly emerging paradigm is instead that transcriptional networks and oncogenic signaling can also be regulated downstream of metabolic pathways, that assume causative roles in controlling cancer cell behavior, above and beyond their core biochemical function. To explore possible links between glucose metabolism and nuclear gene transcription we compared immortalized mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) and metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) growing in high glucose or in the presence of a widely used inhibitor of glucose uptake / glucose metabolism, 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG).

2015-03-23 | GSE59228 | GEO

Compound C prevents the unfolded protein response during glucose deprivation through a mechanism independent of AMPK and BMP signaling.

Project description:Inhibiting the unfolded protein response (UPR) can be a therapeutic approach, especially for targeting the tumor microenvironment. We found that compound C (also known as dorsomorphin) prevented the UPR and exerted enhanced cytotoxicity during glucose deprivation. The UPR-inhibiting activity of compound C was not associated with either AMPK or BMP signaling inhibition. To induce the UPR, we treated HT1080 cells for 18 hours under ER stress conditions by adding 10 mM 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) to culture medium. UPR inhibitors (compound C, versipelostatin and phenformin) were added just before 2DG was added in medium. Total 8 samples were prepared for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.

2012-10-11 | E-GEOD-32911 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Proteomic response of yeast cells to 2-deoxyglucose exposure (0.2%, 2.5h)

Project description:Cancer cells display an altered metabolism with increased glycolysis and glucose uptake. Anti-cancer strategies targeting glycolysis through metabolic inhibitors have been considered. The glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) is imported into cells and after phosphorylation becomes 2DG-6-phosphate, a toxic by-product that inhibits glycolysis. 2DG has other cellular effects and can induce resistance. Using yeast as a model, we performed an unbiased, mass-spectrometry-based approach to probe the cellular effects of 2DG on the proteome and study resistance mechanisms. We found that two 2DG-6-phosphate phosphatases, Dog1 and Dog2, were induced upon exposure to 2DG and participated in 2DG detoxication. 2DG induced Dog2 by activating several signaling pathways, such as the MAPK (the p38 ortholog Hog1)-based stress-responsive pathway, the unfolded protein response (UPR) triggered by 2DG-induced ER stress, and the MAPK (Slt2)-based cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. Thus, 2DG-induced interference with cellular signaling rewired the expression of these endogenous phosphatases to promote 2DG resistance. Consequently, loss of the UPR or CWI pathways led to 2DG hypersensitivity. In contrast, DOG2 was transcriptionally repressed by glucose availability through the inhibition of the Snf1/AMPK pathway, and glucose-repression mutants were 2DG-resistant. The characterization and genome resequencing of spontaneous 2DG-resistant mutants revealed that DOG2 overexpression was a common strategy to achieve 2DG resistance. A human Dog2 homolog, HDHD1, also displays 2DG-6-phosphate phosphatase activity in vitro, and its overexpression conferred 2DG resistance in HeLa cells, suggesting potential interference with chemotherapies involving 2DG.

2019-09-09 | PXD014373 | Pride

Transcription profiling of human cancer cells treated with unfolded protein response modulators under endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions

Project description:The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular defense mechanism against glucose deprivation, a cell condition that occurs in solid tumors. A key feature of the UPR is the activation of the transcription program that allows the cell to cope with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We used micoarrays to show that the UPR transcription program is disrupted by the antitumor macrocyclic compound versipelostatin (VST) and antidiabetic biguanides metformin, buformin and phenformin, depending on cellular glucose availability. Experiment Overall Design: Total 42 samples were prepared for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. Experiment Overall Design: To induce the UPR, we treated cells (HeLa, HT-29, HT1080, MKN74) for 15 or 18 hours under ER stress conditions by replacing the medium with glucose-free medium or by adding either 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) or Tunicamycin (TM) to glucose-containing medium. UPR modulators (VST, biguanides or pyrvinium pamoate) were added at various final concentrations immediately after cells were placed in glucose-free medium or just before the chemical stressors were added to glucose-containing culture medium.

2009-06-01 | E-GEOD-13548 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Microarray expression data of HT-29 cells treated with spautin-1 or buformin under 2DG- or tunicamycin-stressed conditions

Project description:Spautin-1 as well as buformin showed preferential cytotoxicity under 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG)-stressed, but not tunicamycin-stressed conditions in HT-29 cells. By a microarray-based transcription analyses, we previously identified an unfolded protein response (UPR) expression signature, consisting of 246 probes up- or down-regulated in glucose starvation- and 2DG-stressed HT-29 and other cancer cell lines. Thus, we compared the effects of spautin-1 and buformin on the UPR transcriptional program. The two UPR inhibitors partly canceled 2DG-induced, but not TM-induced changes in UPR expression signature, indicating that spautin-1 can indeed suppress the UPR transcriptional program under 2DG-stressed conditions.

2022-07-07 | GSE189850 | GEO

RNA-seq of C.elegans and M.musculus in the presence and absence of D-Glucosamine (GlcN)

Project description:D-Glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose, C.A.S.# 3416-24-8) (GlcN) is a freely available and commonly used dietary supplement possibly promoting cartilage health in humans which also acts as an inhibitor of glycolysis. We here find that GlcN extends C. elegans lifespan by impairing glucose metabolism to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK/AAK2) leading to increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Consistent with the concept of mitohormesis, this promotes increased formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p38/PMK-1-mediated stress signaling culminating in increased expression of the nematodal amino acid-transporter 1 (aat-1) gene. Ameliorating mitochondrial ROS formation as well as impairment of aat-1-expression abolishes GlcN-mediated lifespan extension in a NRF2/SKN-1-dependent fashion. Notably and unlike other calorie restriction mimetics (CRM) like 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG, DOG), GlcN extends lifespan of aging C57BL/6 mice (log-rank: p=0.002; cox regression: p=0.01) similarly paralleled by an induction of mitochondrial biogenesis, increased expression of several murine amino acid transporters, as well as increased amino-acid catabolism. Taken together, GlcN mimics a ketogenic diet to extend healthspan in evolutionary distinct species. 24 samples: 12 mRNA profiles of C.elegans: 6 without GlcN and 6 with GlcN supplementaion; 12 mRNA profiles of M.musculus: 6 without GlcN and 6 with GlcN supplementaion

2014-03-07 | E-GEOD-54853 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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