Expression Profiling of Early Myogenesis
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
SUBMITTER: Saravanan Sundararajan
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-17039 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
Publications
Analysis of early C2C12 myogenesis identifies stably and differentially expressed transcriptional regulators whose knock-down inhibits myoblast differentiation.
Rajan Saravanan S Chu Pham Dang Huan H Djambazian Haig H Zuzan Harry H Fedyshyn Yaroslav Y Ketela Troy T Moffat Jason J Hudson Thomas J TJ Sladek Rob R
Physiological genomics 20111206 2
Myogenesis is a tightly controlled process involving the transcriptional activation and repression of thousands of genes. Although many components of the transcriptional network regulating the later phases of myogenesis have been identified, relatively few studies have described the transcriptional landscape during the first 24 h, when myoblasts commit to differentiate. Through dense temporal profiling of differentiating C2C12 myoblasts, we identify 193 transcriptional regulators (TRs) whose exp ...[more]
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Project description:Analysis of Early Myogenesis Reveals an Extensive Set of Transcriptional Regulators Whose Knock-down Can Inhibit Differentiation Myogenesis is a tightly controlled process involving the transcriptional activation and repression of thousands of genes. Although many components of the transcriptional network are known for the later phases of myogenesis, relatively little work has described the transcriptional landscape within the first 24 hours, when myoblasts commit to differentiate. Through dense temporal sampling of differentiating C2C12 myoblasts, we identify 266 transcriptional regulators (TRs) whose expression is altered within the first 12 hours of myogenesis. A high-content shRNA screen of 76 TRs involving 427 stable lines identified 48 genes whose knockdown significantly inhibits differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. These include known regulators of myogenesis (Myod1, Myog and Myf5), as well as 26 regulators not previously associated with the process. Of the TRs differentially expressed within the first 24 hours, two-thirds inhibited differentiation when knocked down. Surprisingly, a similar proportion (67%) of shRNAs targeting TRs whose expression did not change during differentiation also inhibited myogenesis, suggesting that both stably and differentially expressed TRs are essential for this complex differentiation program. This implies that microarray-based approaches that concentrate functional validation studies on differentially-expressed genes will fail to identify many genes that are critically implicated in complex biological processes. C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes and sampled at various time points for gene expression measurement on MOE-430v2 chips. Cells grown in separate plates were harvested at 14 different time points: t_-24h, t_0h, t_0.5h, t_1h, t_1.5h, t_2h, t_3h, t_6h, t_9h, t_12h, t_24h, t_48h, t_96h, t_144h. Cells were also pre-treated with 50uM cycloheximide 1 hour prior to inducing differentiation and harvested at two time points: t_chx_1h, t_chx_3h. All harvests were performed in triplicate using growths from successive passages.
2012-03-21 | E-GEOD-16992 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Myogenesis is a tightly controlled process involving the transcriptional activation and repression of thousands of genes. Although many components of the transcriptional network are known for the later phases of myogenesis, relatively little work has described the transcriptional landscape within the first 24 hours, when myoblasts commit to differentiate. Through dense temporal sampling of differentiating C2C12 myoblasts, we identify 266 transcriptional regulators (TRs) whose expression is altered within the first 12 hours of myogenesis. A high-content shRNA screen of 76 TRs involving 427 stable lines identified 48 genes whose knockdown significantly inhibits differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. These include known regulators of myogenesis (Myod1, Myog and Myf5), as well as 26 regulators not previously associated with the process. Of the TRs differentially expressed within the first 24 hours, two-thirds inhibited differentiation when knocked down. Surprisingly, a similar proportion (67%) of shRNAs targeting TRs whose expression did not change during differentiation also inhibited myogenesis, suggesting that both stably and differentially expressed TRs are essential for this complex differentiation program. This implies that microarray-based approaches that concentrate functional validation studies on differentially-expressed genes will fail to identify many genes that are critically implicated in complex biological processes. C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes and sampled at various timepoints for gene expression measurement on Illumina Mouse WG-6v1.1 arrays. Cells grown in separate plates were harvested at 12 different timepoints: t_0h, t_1h, t_1.5h, t_2h, t_3h, t_6h, t_9h, t_12h, t_24h, t_48h, t_96h, t_144h. All harvests were performed in triplicate using growths from successive passages.
2012-03-21 | E-GEOD-17038 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We have examined changes in the chromatin landscape during muscle differentiation by mapping the genome-wide location of ten key histone marks and transcription factors in mouse myoblasts and terminally differentiated myotubes, providing an exceptionally rich dataset that has enabled discovery of key epigenetic changes underlying myogenesis. Using this compendium, we focused on a well-known repressive mark, histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation, and identified novel regulatory elements flanking the myogenin gene that function as a key differentiation-dependent switch during myogenesis. Next, we examined the role of Polycomb-mediated H3K27 methylation in gene repression by systematically ablating components of both PRC1 and PRC2 complexes. Surprisingly, we found mechanistic differences between transient and permanent repression of muscle differentiation and lineage commitment genes and observed that the loss of PRC1 and PRC2 components produced opposing differentiation defects. These phenotypes illustrate striking differences as compared to embryonic stem cell differentiation and suggest that PRC1 and PRC2 do not operate sequentially in muscle cells. Our studies of PRC1 occupancy also suggested a "fail-safe" mechanism, whereby PRC1/Bmi1 concentrates at genes specifying nonmuscle lineages, helping to retain H3K27me3 in the face of declining Ezh2-mediated methyltransferase activity in differentiated cells. Mapping of PoII, H3K4me1, H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H3K36me3, H3K9Ac, H3K18Ac and H4K12Ac in growing myoblasts (MB) and fully differentiated myotubes (MT).
2011-05-08 | E-GEOD-25308 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Rhabdomyosarcoma is a pediatric tumor of skeletal muscle that expresses the myogenic basic helix-loop-helix protein MyoD but fails to undergo terminal differentiation. Prior work has determined that DNA binding by MyoD occurs in the tumor cells, but myogenic targets fail to activate. Using MyoD chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to high-throughput sequencing and gene expression analysis in both primary human muscle cells and RD rhabdomyosarcoma cells, we demonstrate that MyoD binds in a similar genome-wide pattern in both tumor and normal cells but binds poorly at a subset of myogenic genes that fail to activate in the tumor cells. Binding differences are found both across genomic regions and locally at specific sites that are associated with binding motifs for RUNX1, MEF2C, JDP2, and NFIC. These factors are expressed at lower levels in RD cells than muscle cells and rescue myogenesis when expressed in RD cells. MEF2C is located in a genomic region that exhibits poor MyoD binding in RD cells, whereas JDP2 exhibits local DNA hypermethylation in its promoter in both RD cells and primary tumor samples. These results demonstrate that regional and local silencing of differentiation factors contributes to the differentiation defect in rhabdomyosarcomas. Total RNA samples were collected from primary human muscle cells (myoblasts and myotubes). Each sample has three biological replicates.
2013-08-29 | E-GEOD-50411 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Mono-methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me1) is a well-established feature of enhancers and promoters, although its function is unknown. Remarkably, we find H3K4me1 at the promoter regions of conditionaly-repressed muscle and stimulus-dependent inflammatory response genes in myoblasts. During myogenesis, muscle genes are activated and become H3K4-trimethylated. On the promoters of active genes, we find that H3K4me1 spatially restricts the recruitment of “readers” of H3K4me3, including ING1, which, in turn, recruits Sin3A. Our findings point to a unique role for H3K4 mono-methylation in establishing boundaries that restrict the recruitment of chromatin-modifying enzymes to defined regions within promoters. Mapping of Wdr5, Menin, MLL1, Sin3A, and LSD1 in growing myoblasts (MB) and ING1 in growing myoblasts (MB) and fully differentiated myotubes (MT).
2014-03-29 | E-GEOD-50590 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background: Similar to replicating myoblasts, many rhabdomyosarcoma cells express the myogenic determination gene MyoD. In contrast to myoblasts, rhabdomyosarcoma cells do not make the transition from a regulative growth phase to terminal differentiation. Previously we demonstrated that the forced expression of MyoD with its E-protein dimerization partner was sufficient to induce differentiation and suppress multiple growth-promoting genes, suggesting that the dimer was targeting a switch that regulated the transition from growth to differentiation. Our data also suggested that a balance existed between various inhibitory transcription factors and MyoD activity that kept rhabdomyosarcomas trapped in a proliferative state. Methods: Potential myogenic co-factors identified by analysis of high-throughput sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments in normal myogenic cells were tested for their ability to drive differentiation in rhabdomyosarcoma cell culture models, and their relation to MyoD activity determined through molecular biological experiments. Results: Modulation of the transcription factors RUNX1 and ZNF238, factors with poorly delineated roles in myogenic development, can induce differentiation in rhabdomyosarcoma cells and their activity is integrated, at least in part, through the activation of miR-206, which acts as a genetic switch to transition the cell from a proliferative growth phase to differentiation. The inhibitory transcription factor MSC also plays a role in controlling miR-206, appearing to function by occluding a binding site for MyoD in the miR-206 promoter. Conclusions: These findings suggest that nested feed-forward circuits that proceed from MyoD, to RUNX1, to ZNF238, and finally to miR-206 function in both rhabdomyosarcomas as well as normal myogenesis to control the decision point of proliferation versus differentiation. Total RNA samples were collected from human RD cells transduced with lentivirus carrying RUNX1, RP58 (ZNF238), miR-206 or GFP (three biological replicates each) and allowed to differentiate for 72 hours.
2012-04-01 | E-GEOD-35491 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This study profiled the expression of miRNA during myogenesis of the C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line. Cells were harvest at different stages during myogenesis including proliferating, confluence, 1 day post-differentiation induction, 2 day post-differentiation induction and 4 days post-differentiation induction. Keywords: time course This experiment was a reference design miRNA microarray where all time points were compared to a pooled proliferating C2C12 sample, made up of 4 proliferating biological replicates. Each time point had four bioloigcal replicates of which two were labelled with Cy3 and two were labelled with Cy5.
2010-05-26 | E-GEOD-9449 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling regulates differentiation of many cell types. During myogenesis in particular, p38a MAPK (MAPK14) phosphorylates multiple transcriptional regulators to modulate muscle-specific gene expression. Among the p38a MAPK modulated genes is the muscle-specific transcriptional regulator Myogenin (Myog) that is also essential to complete the muscle differentiation program, and while it is known that both p38a MAPK and Myog are critically required for myogenesis, the individual contribution of each of these proteins is poorly defined. Here we show that Myog expression (in the absence of p38a MAPK signaling) is sufficient to establish expression of many late markers of muscle differentiation and to mediate cell migration. However, Myog expression alone did not led to the formation of multinucleated muscle cells, highlighting a critical role for p38a MAPK in myoblast fusion. Using comparative microarray analysis we identified p38a MAPK-dependent genes that are not regulated by Myog We generated a stable C2C12-derived cell line (C2i-Myog) that expresses a Doxycycline (Dox)-inducible cDNA encoding Flag-tagged Myog. In this system, the chemical induction of exogenous Myog (Dox) combined with the pharmacological inhibition of p38a/b MAPK signaling by SB203580 (SB) would allow us to assess the functional contribution of these two pathways during myogenesis
2012-08-01 | E-GEOD-25763 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The transcriptional activator MyoD serves as a master controller of myogenesis. Often in partnership with Mef2, MyoD binds to the promoters of hundreds of muscle genes in proliferating myoblasts, yet activates these targets only upon receiving cues that launch differentiation. What regulates this off/on switch of MyoD function has been incompletely understood, although known to reflect the action of chromatin modifiers. Here, we identify KAP1/TRIM28 as a key regulator of MyoD function. In myoblasts, KAP1 is present with MyoD and Mef2 at many muscle genes, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit not only co-activators such as p300 and LSD1, but also co-repressors such as G9a and HDAC1, with promoter silencing as net outcome. Upon differentiation, MSK1-mediated phosphorylation of KAP1 releases the co-repressors from the scaffold, unleashing transcriptional activation by MyoD/Mef2 and their positive cofactors. Thus, our results reveal KAP1 as a previously unappreciated interpreter of cell signaling, which modulates the ability of MyoD to drive myogenesis. Transcriptome profiling of control and Kap1KD in C2C12 during proliferation or at 48hours differentiation stage
2015-02-02 | E-GEOD-62659 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:By applying ChIP-seq, we generated genome-wide maps of YY1 in skeletal myoblasts and myotubes. We found that YY1 binds to 1820 confident target with a large portion residing in the intergenic regions. In addition, YY1 was found to activate many loci, and there is no significant overlap between YY1 and Ezh2 targets, suggensting a Ezh2-independent manner. Further detailed study revealed that YY1 can regulate some lincRNAs which are fucntional in skeletal myogenesis. In this study, we identified a YY1-Yam-1-miR-715 (TF-lincRNA-miRNA) regulatory curcuit in myogensis. Examination of YY1 targets in myoblast versus myotubes
2013-08-15 | E-GEOD-45875 | biostudies-arrayexpress