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Murine: papillary thyroid cancer vs. poorly differentiated thyroid cancer

ABSTRACT: Mice with thyroid-specific expression of oncogenic BRAF (Tg-Braf) develop papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) that are locally invasive and have well-defined foci of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC). To investigate the PTC-PDTC progression, we performed a microarray analysis using RNA from paired samples of PDTC and PTC collected from the same animals by laser capture microdissection. Analysis of 8 paired samples revealed a profound deregulation of genes involved in cell adhesion and intracellular junctions, with changes consistent with an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This was confirmed by IHC, as vimentin expression was increased and E-cadherin lost in PDTC compared to adjacent PTC. Moreover, PDTC stained positively for phospho-Smad2, suggesting a role for transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) in mediating this process. Accordingly, TGFbeta induced EMT in primary cultures of thyroid cells from Tg-Braf mice, whereas wild-type thyroid cells retained their epithelial features. TGFbeta-induced Smad2 phosphorylation, transcriptional activity and induction of EMT required MAPK pathway activation in Tg-Braf thyrocytes. Hence, tumor initiation by oncogenic BRAF renders thyroid cells susceptible to TGFbeta-induced EMT, through a MAPK-dependent process. Comparing the transcription profiles of 8 pairs of murine poorly differentiated thyroid cancer and papillary thyroid cancer collected from the same animals by laser capture microdissection. Co-hybridizations were done in triplicate with a single dye flip.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Yupu Liang

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-27668 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Murine: papillary thyroid cancer vs. poorly differentiated thyroid cancer

Project description:Mice with thyroid-specific expression of oncogenic BRAF (Tg-Braf) develop papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) that are locally invasive and have well-defined foci of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC). To investigate the PTC-PDTC progression, we performed a microarray analysis using RNA from paired samples of PDTC and PTC collected from the same animals by laser capture microdissection. Analysis of 8 paired samples revealed a profound deregulation of genes involved in cell adhesion and intracellular junctions, with changes consistent with an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This was confirmed by IHC, as vimentin expression was increased and E-cadherin lost in PDTC compared to adjacent PTC. Moreover, PDTC stained positively for phospho-Smad2, suggesting a role for transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) in mediating this process. Accordingly, TGFbeta induced EMT in primary cultures of thyroid cells from Tg-Braf mice, whereas wild-type thyroid cells retained their epithelial features. TGFbeta-induced Smad2 phosphorylation, transcriptional activity and induction of EMT required MAPK pathway activation in Tg-Braf thyrocytes. Hence, tumor initiation by oncogenic BRAF renders thyroid cells susceptible to TGFbeta-induced EMT, through a MAPK-dependent process.

2011-03-23 | GSE27668 | GEO

Gene expression profiling associated with the progression to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas

Project description:Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTC) represent a heterogeneous, aggressive entity, presenting features that suggest a progression from well-differentiated carcinomas. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying such progression and identify novel therapeutical targets, we assessed the genome-wide expression in normal thyroid tissues, well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas and PDTC. RNA were extracted from 2 normal thyroid tissues taken from the opposite lobe of thyroid tumors, and 24 thyroid carcinomas: 5 PDTC, 7 classic papillary thyroid carcinomas (cPTC), 8 follicular variants of PTC (fvPTC) and 4 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC). All samples were obtained at time of surgery and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. We also hybridized a commercial pool of human thyroid total RNA (BD Bioscience). PTC were screened for BRAF mutations and rearrangements of RET/PTC and, in addition, follicular variants were also analyzed for RAS mutations and PAX8-PPARG rearrangements. FTC were screened for RAS and PAX8-PPARG rearrangements. PDTC were analyzed for BRAF, RAS and PAX8-PPARG genes.

2013-12-10 | E-GEOD-53157 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genomic and Transcriptomic Hallmarks of Poorly-Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancers

Project description:BACKGROUND. Poorly-differentiated (PDTC) and anaplastic (ATC) thyroid cancers are rare and frequently lethal tumors, which so far have not been subjected to comprehensive genetic characterization. METHODS. We performed next generation sequencing of 341 cancer genes in 117 PDTCs and ATCs, and a transcriptomic analysis of a representative subset of 37 tumors. Results were analyzed in the context of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) study of papillary thyroid cancers (PTC). RESULTS. ATCs have a greater mutation burden than PDTCs, and higher mutation frequency of TP53, TERT promoter, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway effectors, SWI/SNF subunits and histone methyltransferases. BRAF and RAS are the predominant drivers, and dictate remarkably distinct tropism for nodal vs. distant metastases in PDTC. RAS and BRAF sharply distinguish between PDTCs defined by the Turin (PDTC-Turin) vs. MSKCC (PDTC-MSK) criteria, respectively. Mutations of EIF1AX, a component of the translational preinitiation complex, are markedly enriched in PDTCs and ATCs, and have a striking pattern of co-occurrence with RAS. TERT promoter mutations are rare and subclonal in PTCs, whereas they are clonal and highly prevalent in advanced cancers. Application of the TCGA-derived BRAF-RAS score (a measure of MAPK transcriptional output) shows a preserved relationship with BRAF/RAS mutation in PDTCs, whereas ATCs are BRAF-like irrespective of driver mutation. CONCLUSIONS. These data support a model of tumorigenesis whereby PDTCs and ATCs arise from well-differentiated tumors through the accumulation of key additional genetic abnormalities, many of which have prognostic and possible therapeutic relevance. The widespread genomic disruptions in ATC compared to PDTC underscore their greater virulence and higher mortality. 37 tumor specimens, including 17 poorly-differentiated and 20 anaplastic thyroid cancers were expression-profiled with Affymetrix U133 plus 2.0 array

2016-02-15 | E-GEOD-76039 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene Expression and Functional Evidence of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Invasion

Project description:Papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) that invade into local structures are associated with a poor prognosis, but the mechanisms for PTC invasion are incompletely defined limiting the development of new therapies. To characterize biological processes involved in PTC invasion, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of microscopically dissected intratumoral samples from central and invasive regions of seven widely invasive PTCs and normal thyroid tissue by oligonucleotide microarray and performed confirmatory expression and functional studies. In comparison to the central regions of primary PTCs, the invasive fronts overexpressed TGFbeta, NFkappaB and integrin pathway members, and regulators of small G-proteins and CDC42. Moreover, reduced levels of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion and communication were identified, consistent with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To confirm that aggressive PTCs were characterized by EMT, 35 additional PTCs were examined for expression of vimentin, a hallmark of EMT. Overexpression of vimentin was associated with PTC invasion and nodal metastasis. Functional, in vitro studies demonstrated that vimentin was required for the development and maintenance of both a mesenchymal morphology and invasiveness in thyroid cancer cells. We conclude that EMT is a common mechanism of PTC invasion and that vimentin regulates thyroid cancer EMT in vitro. Keywords: Genetic modification

2006-10-11 | GSE6004 | GEO

Genomic and Transcriptomic Hallmarks of Poorly-Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancers

2016-02-15 | GSE76039 | GEO

Co-evolution of Met amplification and Hgf overexpression mediate resistance to BRAF inactivation in mouse anaplastic thyroid cancers.

Project description:Affymetric arrays were performed on thyroid samples collected from GEMMs: normal thyroid, TPO-Cre/LSL-Braf (PTC), TPO-Cre/tetO-BRAF/LSL-rtTAiresGFP/p53-flox (ATC) and TPO-Cre/tetO-BRAF/LSL-rtTAiresGFP/p53-flox (recurrent tumors) As above

2018-08-02 | GSE118022 | GEO

RNAi profiling by array of of Smad2 and Smad3 in mouse mammary epithelial cells treated with TGF-beta to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

Project description:Effects of Smad3 and Smad2 knock-down on TGFbeta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in mouse mammary epithelial (Nme) cells

2009-04-01 | E-MEXP-1342 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcription profiling of human intratumoral samples from central and invasive regions of seven widely invasive PTCs and normal thyroid tissue

Project description:Papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) that invade into local structures are associated with a poor prognosis, but the mechanisms for PTC invasion are incompletely defined limiting the development of new therapies. To characterize biological processes involved in PTC invasion, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of microscopically dissected intratumoral samples from central and invasive regions of seven widely invasive PTCs and normal thyroid tissue by oligonucleotide microarray and performed confirmatory expression and functional studies. In comparison to the central regions of primary PTCs, the invasive fronts overexpressed TGF ï¢ï� ï¬ï� NFï«b and integrin pathway members, and regulators of small G-proteins and CDC42. Moreover, reduced levels of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion and communication were identified, consistent with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To confirm that aggressive PTCs were characterized by EMT, 35 additional PTCs were examined for expression of vimentin, a hallmark of EMT. Overexpression of vimentin was associated with PTC invasion and nodal metastasis. Functional, in vitro studies demonstrated that vimentin was required for the development and maintenance of both a mesenchymal morphology and invasiveness in thyroid cancer cells. We conclude that EMT is a common mechanism of PTC invasion and that vimentin regulates thyroid cancer EMT in vitro. Experiment Overall Design: Total RNA was obtained from all 7 central and invasion regions, as well as from 4 of 7 normal tissues. In addition, the comparison of central vs. normal tissues were compared to 9 paired central and normal samples from The Ohio State University tumor bank simultaneously analyzed using the same methods

2008-06-14 | E-GEOD-6004 | biostudies-arrayexpress

MicroRNA profiling of human papillary thyroid carcinoma and normal thyroid to assess the role of miRNA genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma

Project description:Apart from alterations in the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF pathway, comparatively little is known about the genetics of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We show that numerous miRNAs are transcriptionally up-regulated in PTC tumors compared with unaffected thyroid tissue. A set of 5 miRNAs including the 3 most upregulated ones (miRs 221, 222, 146) distinguished unequivocally between PTC and normal thyroid. Additionally, miR-221 was upregulated in unaffected thyroid tissue in several PTC patients, presumably an early event in carcinogenesis. Tumors in which the upregulation (11-19 fold) of miRs 221, 222 and 146 was strongest showed dramatic loss of KIT transcript and Kit protein. In five of 10 such cases this was associated with germline single nucleotide changes in the two recognition sequences in KIT for these miRNAs. We conclude that upregulation of several miRs and down regulation of KIT are involved in PTC pathogenesis, and that sequence changes in genes targeted by miRNAs can contribute to their downregulation.

2005-02-28 | E-TABM-68 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression signature associated with BRAFV600E mutation in human papillary thyroid carcinoma based on transgenic mouse model (human)

Project description:BRAFV600E mutation is the most frequent molecular event in papillary thyroid carcinoma. The relation of this genetic alteration with the factors od poor prognosis has been reported as well as its influence on PTC gene signature. However human material disables distinction of cancer causes from its effect. We used our transgenic mouse model of papillary thyroid carcinoma induced by the BRAFV600E mutation to select BRAFV600E-specifi gene signature which was than compared to human material The human microarray data were obtained for: 27 papillary thyroid carcinomas including 18 BRAF(+), 8 RET(+), 1 RAS(+); 18 apparently healthy thyroids. In order to find BRAFV600E-specific gene signature data obtained from our transgenic mouse model of PTC were compared to human material. The analyses were performed taking into account not only the BRAF mutation but also other PTC initiating events including RET rearrangements and RAS poin mutations. Morover the microarray data were validated with the QPCR reaction.

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