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Gene expression changes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 3 diet interventions, TMD enriched with olive oil, TMD enriched with nuts and Low fat diet.

ABSTRACT: Despite the benefits associated with healthy diets, data on the mechanisms by which these benefits are promoted are scarce. Our aim was to explore the global transcriptomic response of biological pathways related to cardiovascular disease associated with traditional Mediterranean diet (TMD) intervention. The PREDIMED study is a large on-going, parallel, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial aimed at assessing the TMD effect on primary cardiovascular prevention. High cardiovascular risk participants were recruited and assigned to one of the following interventions: 1) TMD plus virgin olive oil (VOO); 2) TMD plus mixed nuts; or 3) low-fat diet (control group). In a sub sample of 30 volunteers of the PREDIMED- Barcelona Sur Centre, gene expression changes in peripheral mononuclear cells, after 3 months of intervention, were assessed by microarray analysis. A parallel study comparing three diet interventions: We analyzed 65 arrays which belonged to 34 patients, 31 microarrays at baseline (11 baseline group 1; 11 baseline group 2; 9 baseline group 3) and 34 microarrays after the 3 month intervention (11 for group 1; 11 for group 2; and 12 for group 3). The three interventions were: Group 1: 3-month Traditional Mediterranean Diet enriched with virgin olive oil; Group 2: 3-month Traditional Mediterranean Diet enriched with nuts; and Group 3: 3-month Low Fat Diet.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Olga Castaner

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-28358 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Gene expression changes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 3 diet interventions, TMD enriched with olive oil, TMD enriched with nuts and Low fat diet.

Project description:Despite the benefits associated with healthy diets, data on the mechanisms by which these benefits are promoted are scarce. Our aim was to explore the global transcriptomic response of biological pathways related to cardiovascular disease associated with traditional Mediterranean diet (TMD) intervention. The PREDIMED study is a large on-going, parallel, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial aimed at assessing the TMD effect on primary cardiovascular prevention. High cardiovascular risk participants were recruited and assigned to one of the following interventions: 1) TMD plus virgin olive oil (VOO); 2) TMD plus mixed nuts; or 3) low-fat diet (control group). In a sub sample of 30 volunteers of the PREDIMED- Barcelona Sur Centre, gene expression changes in peripheral mononuclear cells, after 3 months of intervention, were assessed by microarray analysis.

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Project description:Diet can regulate gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression and various biological processes in the gut. Dietary interventions have been proposed as therapeutic approaches for several diseases, including cancer. In a pilot study, we showed that a low-inflammatory Mediterranean diet reduced markers of local and systemic inflammation in patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). We evaluated the changes induced by a low-inflammatory Mediterranean dietary intervention on fecal miRNome and intestinal tissue transcriptome in FAP subjects and assessed whether these changes could be associated with the beneficial effects observed in the pilot study. The diet modulated 41 fecal miRNAs, and this modulation remained for three months after the intervention. miR-5092-5p, miR-4527, and miR-3612-3p were positively correlated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet, while miR-6867-5p and miR-760-5p were negatively correlated with serum calprotectin levels. The altered miRNAs target genes mainly related to inflammatory pathways, DNA repair, metabolism, and cytoskeleton organization. Seventy genes were differentially expressed between adenoma and normal tissue. Most were different before the dietary intervention, but reached similar levels after the diet. Functional enrichment analysis identified the proinflammatory ERK1/2, cell cycle regulation and nutrient response pathways as commonly regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs and genes. These findings suggest that fecal miRNAs modulated by the diet reflect an epigenetic regulation occurring in tissues that seems to influence inflammatory pathways. miRNAs and genes with oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions are also regulated, highlighting the potential cancer-preventive effect of the low-inflammatory Mediterranean diet.

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Modulation of fecal miRNA highlights the preventive effects of a Mediterranean Low-Inflammatory Dietary Intervention in patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (sRNA-Seq)

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Human in vivo nutrigenomic effect of olive oil

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